Past, present and future of goal scoring analysis in professional soccer (Pasado, presente y futuro del análisis de goles en el fútbol profesional)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.69837Palabras clave:
match analysis, attacking performance, notational analysis, goal attempt, football (Análisis táctico, ocasión de gol, rendimiento ofensivo, análisis notacional)Resumen
Abstract. The aim of this theoretical review is to summarize the key performance indicators and contextual variables that have been related to goal scoring in soccer, as well as to discuss the new perspectives and future challenges for the development of research studies on this topic. Firstly, situational variables such as match location, time of the game, opponent level, as well as match status have been shown to have an influence on goal scoring. Secondly, tactical factors such as the team possession type of start, starting zone, initial opponent positioning, type of attack, pass number per possession, type of assist, finishing zone and type of finishing have been described as performance indicators related to goal scoring in professional soccer. During the past, the vast majority of studies analysed tactical or technical indicators isolated from the complex and multifactorial process of creating goal scoring situations. Currently, the emergence of new research methods such as position data, network analysis, temporal patterns or mixed methods has broadened the possibilities for researchers to capture the complexity of soccer actions and interactions. Thus, some future challenges in the analysis of goal scoring in soccer should explore: a) the multidimensional evaluation of shooting effectiveness, b) the goal effectiveness of different styles of play, c) the goal-scorer’s skills, d) the further exploration of the effect of players interactions on goal scoring, e) f) the effects of training methods on goal scoring and f) the influence of contextual variables on goal scoring actions.
Resumen. El objetivo de esta revisión teórica es sintetizar los principales indicadores de rendimiento y variables contextuales que han sido relacionados con marcar goles en fútbol, así como discutir nuevas perspectivas y futuros retos en el desarrollo de estudios científicos sobre este tema. En primer lugar, variables contextuales como localización del partido, tiempo de juego, nivel del oponente y marcador han mostrado una influencia en el proceso de marcar goles. En segundo lugar, indicadores tácticos como el tipo de inicio de la posesión ofensiva, la zona de inicio, el posicionamiento inicial del equipo rival, el tipo de ataque, el número de pases por posesión, el tipo de asistencia, la zona de finalización y el tipo de finalización han sido descritos en la literatura relacionada con el análisis del gol en fútbol. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de estudios han analizado indicadores tácticos y técnicos aislados del proceso complejo y multifactorial que supone generar situaciones de gol. En los últimos años, han surgido nuevas metodologías de investigación como el “position data”, “análisis de redes”, “análisis de patrones temporales” y “métodos mixtos” que han aumentado las posibilidades de capturar e investigar la complejidad de las acciones e interacciones del juego en fútbol. Por lo tanto, algunos de los retos de futuros estudios sobre análisis de los goles en fútbol deberían explorar: a) la evaluación multidimensional de la efectividad del tiro en fútbol, b) la efectividad para marcar gol de diferentes estilos de juego, c) las habilidades especificas de los goleadores, d) la mayor exploración del efecto de las interacciones entre jugadores en la generación de situaciones de gol, e) los efectos del entrenamiento en la capacidad de marcar goles y f) la influencia de las variables contextuales en las acciones relacionadas con los goles.
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- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
