Biomarcadores musculares de estrés fisiológico en la práctica deportiva competitiva: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

  • ana-karenina-sa Fernandes UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO CEARÁ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8200-0335
  • José Carlos Gomes de Carvalho Leitão Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro: Vila Real, Vila Real, PT
  • António José Abelha Cortinhas Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro: Vila Real, Vila Real, PT
  • Ariclécio Cunha de Oliveira Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-8157
  • Adriano César Carneiro Loureiro Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-1945

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.110055

Palabras clave:

Biomarcadores, estrés fisiológico, fisiología, medicina deportiva, músculo estriado

Resumen

Introducción: La participación en competiciones deportivas requiere muchas veces un alto esfuerzo por parte del deportista, lo que genera estrés fisiológico en el organismo, traduciéndose en cambios en los parámetros de los biomarcadores musculares.
Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de las competiciones deportivas sobre biomarcadores de estrés fisiológico.
Método: Las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de estudios en esta revisión sistemática fueron: PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect; de acuerdo a los siguientes descriptores utilizados en la búsqueda: biomarcadores y “estrés fisiológico” y deportes que involucraron estudios entre los años 1974 al 2023. El proceso de selección de estudios se produjo según el protocolo PRISMA dividido en cuatro etapas: identificación de artículos en las bases de datos (n=196); cribado mediante lectura de títulos y resúmenes de artículos (n=191); elegibilidad con la evaluación de estudios por lectura completa (n=5) e inclusión de artículos científicos (n=5) que cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión. Para evaluar los criterios de selección de artículos se utilizó el método PICOS.
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron la participación de biomarcadores como: metabolitos (lactato y creatina quinasa), proteínas (lactato deshidrogenasa, mioglobina y otros) y ARN mensajeros en competencias de cinco deportes diferentes: carreras de aventura, rally, rugby, carrera a pie y triatlón. Hubo un aumento en las concentraciones de estos biomarcadores después del final de las competiciones y la concentración de mioglobina mostró un aumento en los atletas de triatlón que se prolongó durante 19 días.
Conclusión: La principal conclusión del estudio apunta al estrés fisiológico con fatiga y daño muscular en los deportistas que participan en competiciones deportivas, que aparece después de la finalización del evento.

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Publicado

2025-01-28

Cómo citar

Fernandes, ana- karenina- sa, Gomes de Carvalho Leitão, J. C., Abelha Cortinhas, A. J., de Oliveira, A. C., & Carneiro Loureiro, A. C. (2025). Biomarcadores musculares de estrés fisiológico en la práctica deportiva competitiva: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 63, 768–777. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.110055

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis