El impacto de un programa de actividad física organizada en los indicadores de salud de los estudiantes de diferentes grupos culturales en el entorno escolar de segunda oportunidad (The impact of an organized physical activity program on the health indicators of students from differ-ent cultural groups in second chance school setting)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108798

Palabras clave:

estudiantes adultos, indicadores de salud, actividad física organizada, escuelas de segunda oportunidad, entornos educativos multiculturales

Resumen

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de un programa estructurado de actividad física en los indicadores de salud de los estudiantes adultos que asisten a una Escuela de Segunda Oportunidad multicultural. El estudio abarcó un total de 62 estudiantes de la Escuela de Segunda Oportunidad, con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 57 años, que se dividieron en dos grupos: experimental y de control. El programa de intervención consistió en dos sesiones semanales durante 20 semanas, con una duración de 60 minutos cada una. La intensidad del ejercicio osciló entre el 65% y el 85% de la HRmáx e incluyó diversas actividades como aeróbic, ejercicios con pesas, rutinas con mancuernas y senderismo. Las mediciones se realizaron tanto al inicio como al final del programa de actividad física organizada. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó equipo especializado, como un estadiómetro de pared, básculas de precisión, una cinta métrica única, un esfigmomanómetro automático y una máquina DXA. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza ANOVA, estadística descriptiva y pruebas T con el programa informático SPSS. Los resultados revelaron una influencia primaria estadísticamente significativa atribuida al factor «medición» (p<.001) en todos los indicadores de salud, excepto en la BMD total y el BMC total, al comparar los grupos experimental y de control. En cuanto a las disparidades de género, los hombres mostraron mayores mediciones en masa corporal, masa libre de grasa, tamaño del vientre y presión arterial, mientras que las mujeres mostraron mayor masa grasa y grasa corporal total. En conclusión, el programa de intervención tuvo un impacto positivo en el mejoramiento de los indicadores de salud de los estudiantes adultos de la Escuela de Segunda Oportunidad. Futuros esfuerzos de investigación deberían explorar la implementación de programas de actividad física en otras Escuelas de Segunda Oportunidad a lo largo de Grecia.

Palabras clave: Estudiantes Adultos; Indicadores de Salud; Actividad Física Organizada; Escuelas de Segunda Oportunidad

Abstract. The primary objective of this research was to assess the impact of a structured physical activity program on the health indicators of adult students attending a multicultural Second Chance School (SCS). The study encompassed a total of 62 SCS students aged 19 to 57, who were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The intervention program consisted of two sessions per week spanning 20 weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The exercise intensity ranged from 65% to 85% of HRmax and included various activities such as aerobics, weight exercises, dumbbell routines, and hiking. Measurements were taken at both the commencement and conclusion of the organized physical activity program. Specialized equipment, including a wall-mounted stadiometer, precision scales, a unique tape measure, an automated sphygmomanometer, and the DXA machine, was employed for data collection. Data analysis involved ANOVA variance analyses, descriptive statistics, and T-Tests utilizing the SPSS software. The results revealed a statistically significant primary influence attributed to the 'measurement' factor (p<.001) across all health indicators, except for total BMD and total BMC, when comparing the experimental and control groups. In terms of gender disparities, men exhibited higher measurements in body mass, fat-free mass, belly size, and blood pressure, while women displayed greater fat mass and total body fat. To conclude, the intervention program had a positive impact on improving the health indicators of adult SCS students. Future research endeavors should explore the implementation of Physical Activity programs in other SCSs throughout Greece.

Keywords: Adult Students; Health Indicators; Organized Physical Activity; Second Chance Schools

Citas

ACSM. (2010). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (8th ed). Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Aguilar, A., Florez, J. A., & Saavedra, Y. (2021). Capaci-dad aeróbica: Actividad física musicalizada, adulto mayor, promoción de la salud (Aerobic capacity: Mu-sicalized physical activity, older adult, health promo-tion). RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias en Educacion Fisica, Deporte y Recreacion, 39, 953–960. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.67622

Amaro-Gahete, F., De-la-O, A., Jurado-Fasoli, L., Ruiz, J., Castillo, M., & Gutierrez, A. (2019). Effects of dif-ferent exercise training programs on body composi-tion: A randomized control trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(7), 968-979. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13414

Andrieieva, O., Hakman, A., Kashuba, V., Vasylenko, M., Patsaliouk, K., Koshura, A., & Istyniouk, I. (2019). Effects of physical activity on aging processes in elderly persons. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(4), 1308 – 1314.doi: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s4190

Ayubi, N., Wibawa, J.C., Lesmana, H.S., Callixte, C., & Dafun Jr., P.B. (2024). Physical exercise induces in-creased translocation of type 4 glucose transporters (GLUT4): a systematic review. RETOS. Nuevas Tenden-cias en Educacion Fisica, Deporte y Recreacion, 59, 1003–1008. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.104078

Ballard, T.L., Specker, B.L., Binkley, T.L., & Vukovich, M.D. (2006). Effect of protein supplementation dur-ing a 6-month strength and conditioning program on areal and volumetric bone parameters. Bone, 38(6), 898-904.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.020

Barranco-Ruiz, Y., & Villa-Gonzalez, E. (2020). Health-Related Physical Fitness Benefits in Sedentary Women Employees after an Exercise Intervention with Zumba Fitness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082632

Brodani, J., Spisiak, M., & Paska, L. (2015). The interac-tion of physical activity and quality of life of adoles-cents. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 518–524. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.03078;

Cheng, S., Xanthakis, V., Sullivan, L.M., & Vasan, R.S. (2012). Blood pressure tracking over the adult life course: patterns and correlates in the Framingham heart study. Hypertension, 60(6), 1393-1399.

https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.201780

Chilibeck, P.D., Calder, A., Sale, D.G., & Webber, C.E. (1996). Twenty weeks of weight training increases lean tissue mass but not bone mineral mass or density in healthy, active young women. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 74(10), 1180-1185. PMID: 9022839

Courtright, S. H., McCormick, B. W., Postlethwaite, B. E., Reeves, C. J., & Mount, M. K. (2013). A meta-analysis of sex differences in physical ability: Revised estimates and strategies for reducing differences in se-lection contexts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(4), 623-641. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033144

Davitt, P., Pellegrino, J., Schanzer, J., Tjionas, H., & Arent, S. (2014). The effects of a combined resistance training and endurance exercise program in inactive college female subjects: does order matter? The Jour-nal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28 (7), 1937-1945. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000355

Dugan, S., Karavolos, K., Lynch, E., Hollings, C., Ful-lam, F., Lange-Maia, B., & Powell, L. (2016). A Multimethod Investigation Into Physical Activity in Midlife Women. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 13(12), 1351-1359. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0565

Epstein, Y., Yanovich, R., Moran, D.S., & Heled, Y. (2013). Physiological employment standards IV: inte-gration of women in combat units physiological and medical considerations. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(11), 2673-2690. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2558-7

Flanagan, E.W., Beyl, R.A., Fearnbach, S.N., Altazan, A.D., Martin, C.K., & Redman, L.M. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults. The Obesity Society, 29 (2), 438-445. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23066

Flores Olivares, L.A., Enriquez-Del Castillo, L.A., Reza López, S.A., Cervantes Hernández, N., Quintana Mendias, E., & Carrasco Legleu, C.E. (2024). Physi-cal activity and sedentary lifestyle: changes during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic accord-ing to age and non-communicable disease. RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias en Educacion Fisica, Deporte y Recrea-cion, 59, 193-201. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.102332

Fujimura, R., Ashizawa, N., Watanabe, M., Mukai, N., Amagai, H., Fukubayashi, T., Hayashi, K., Tokuya-ma, K., & Suzuki, M. (1997). Effect of resistance ex-ercise training on bone formation and resorption in young male subjects assessed by biomarkers of bone metabolism. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12(4), 656-662. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.4.656

Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., Nieman, D. C., & Swain, D. P. (2011). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exer-cise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparent-ly healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 43(7), 1334-1359.

https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb

Glenmark, B. (1994). Skeletal muscle fibre types, physi-cal performance, physical activity and attitude to physical activity in women and men. A follow-up from age 16 to 27. Acta physiologica Scandinavica, Sup-plementum, 623, 1-47. PMID: 7942046

Halpin, H. A., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. M., & Martin-Moreno, J. M. (2011). Chronic disease prevention and the New Public Health. Public Health Review, 32, 120-154.

Heinonen, A., Sievanen, H., Kannus, P., Oja, P., Pasanen, M., & Vuori, I. (2000). High-impact exer-cise and bones of growing girls: a 9-month controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, 11(2), 1010-1017.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980070021

Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport and Leisure, 27(1-2), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494

Hartman, J. W., Tang, J. E, Wilkinson, S. B., Tarno-polsky, M. A., Lawrence, R. L., Fullerton, A. V., & Phillips, S. M. (2007). Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise promotes greater lean mass accretion than does consumption of soy or car-bohydrate in young, novice, male weightlifters. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86 (2), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.373

Jaywant, P. (2013). Effect of Aerobic Dance on the Body Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Endurance in Middle Aged Women. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 9(1),6-10. https://doi.org/10.3316/INFORMIT.798618964266656

Jensen, M. D. (2002). Adipose tissue and fatty acid me-tabolism in humans. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 95 (42), 3-7. PMID: 12216324

Karatrantou, K., Gerodimos, V., Hakkinen, A., & Zafeiridis, A. (2017). Health-promoting effects of se-rial vs. Integrated combined strength and aerobic training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-116495

Kemmler, W., Engelke, K., Weineck, J., Hensen, J., & Kalender, W. (2003). The Erlangen Fitness Osteopo-rosis Prevention Study: a controlled exercise trial in early postmenopausal women with low bone density-first-year results. Archives of Physical Medicine and Re-habilitation, 84(5), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(02)04908-0

King, D., Carek, P., Mainous III, A., & Pearson, W. (2003). Inflammatory markers and exercise: differ-ences related to exercise type. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 35(4), 575-581. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000058440.28108.cc

Kraemer, W. J., Mazzetti, S. A., Nindl, B. C., Gotshalk, L. A., Volek, J. S., Bush, J. A., Marx, J. O., Dohi, K., Gómez, L., Miles, M., Fleck, S. J., Newton, R. U., & Hakkinen, K. (2001). Effect of resistance training on women’s strength/power and occupational perfor-mances. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33 (6), 1011-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106000-00022

Meungguk, P., Anaza, E., Shin, H., Pack, S.M., & Chi-tiyo, M. (2020). Relationship between physical activi-ty and quality of life in older adults: A metaanalysis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(6), 3467 – 3477.

https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.06468

Michell, V., Samaria, C., Junior-Rudy, N., Danyela, V., & Dantas, E. (2014). Effects of a concurrent physical exercise program on aerobic power and body compo-sition in adults. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physi-cal Fitness, 54(4), 441-446. PMID: 25034548

Miller, A. E., MacDougall, J. D., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Sale, D. G. (1993). Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 66, 254-262.

https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00235103

Milliken, L. A., Going, S. B., Houtkooper, L. B., Flint-Wagner, H. G., Figueroa, A., Metcalfe, L. L., Blew, R. M., Sharp, S. C., & Lohman, T. G. (2003). Effects of exercise training on bone remodeling, insulin-like growth factors, and bone mineral density in postmen-opausal women with and without hormone replace-ment therapy. Calcified Tissue International, 72(4), 478-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-001-1128-5

Moker, E., Bateman, L., Kraus, W., & Pescatello, L. (2014). The Relationship between the Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise following Training and De-training Periods. PloS ONE, 9(9), e105755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105755

Mosher, P. E., Ferguson, M. A., & Arnold, R. O. (2005). Lipid and lipoprotein changes in premenstru-al women following step aerobic dance training. Inter-national journal of sports medicine, 26, 669-674. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-830437

Ossanloo, P., Zafari, A., & Najar, L. (2012). The Effects of Combined Training (Aerobic Dance, Step Exercise and Resistance Training) on Cardio Vascular Disease Risk Factors in Sedentary Females. Annals of Biological Research, 3(7), 3652-3656.

Palmer, B. F., & Clegg, D. J. (2015). The sexual dimor-phism of obesity. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 402, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.029

Panagiotidis, N. (1996). Minority Education in Greece. Alexandroupolis: Gnomi.

Park, S., Park, J., Kwon, Y., Yoon, M., & Kim, C. (2003). The effect of long-term aerobic exercise on maximal oxygen consumption, left ventricular func-tion and serum lipids in elderly women. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 22(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.2114/jpa.22.11

Ribeiro de Lima, J. G., Abud, G. F., de Freitas, E. C., & Bueno Júnior, C. R. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global health of women aged 50 to 70 years. Experimental Gerontology, 150, 111349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111349

Riggs, L. B., & Melton, J. L. (1995). Osteoporosis: Eti-ology, Diagnosis, and anangement 2nd ed. In: R. Lindsay (Ed.), Estrogen deficiency (pp. 133-160). Phil-adelphia: Mayo Foundation, Lippincot-Raven.

Pleticosic-Ramírez, Y., Mecías Calvo, M., & Navarro-Patón, R. (2024). Efectos de programas de ejercicio físico en la composición corporal, condición física y calidad de vida de personas mayores con sobrepeso u obesidad: una revisión sistemática. RETOS. Nuevas Tendencias en Educacion Fisica, Deporte y Recreacion, 56, 47-62. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104052

Ryan, A. S., Ivey, F. M., Hurlbut, D. E., Martel, G. F., Lemmer, J. T., Sorkin, J. D., Metter, E. J., Fleg, J. L., & Hurley, B. F. (2004). Regional bone mineral densi-ty after resistive training in young and older men and women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 14 (1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00328.x

Shigematsu, R., Chang, M., Yabushita, N., Sakai, T., Nakagaichi, M., Nho, H., & Tanaka, K. (2002). Dance- based aerobic exercise may improve indices of falling risk in older women. Age and Ageing, 31(4), 261-266. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/31.4.261

Sidebottom, C, Ullevig, S., Cheever, K., & Zhang, T. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 pandemic and quaran-tine period on physical activity and dietary habits of college-aged students. Sports Medicine and Health Sci-ence, 3 (4), 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2021.08.005

Sillanpaa, E., Laaksonen, D., Hakkinen, A., Karavirta, L., Jensen, B., Kraemer, W., Nyman, K., & Hakki-nen, K. (2009). Body composition, fitness, and meta-bolic health during strength and endurance training and their combination in middle-aged and older women. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 106(2), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1013-x

Sinaki, M., Itoi, E., Wahner, H. W., Wollan, P., Gelzcer, R., Mullan, B. P., Collins, D. A., & Hodg-son, S. F. (2002). Stronger back muscles reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures: A prospective 10 year follow-up of postmenopausal women. Bone, 30(6), 836-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00739-1

Sternlicht, E., Frisch, F., & Sumida, K. (2013). Zumba Fitness workouts: are they an appropriate alternative to running or cycling? Sport Sciences for Health, 9(3), 15-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-013-0155-8

Stewart, K. J., Bacher, A. C., Hees, P. S., Tayback, M., Ouyang, P., & Jan de Beur, S. (2005). Exercise effects on bone mineral density relationships to changes in fitness and fatness. American Journal of Preventive Medi-cine, 28(5), 453-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.003

Stockwell, S., Trott, M., Tully, M., Shin, J., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., McDermott, D., Schuch, F., & Smith, L. (2021). Changes in physical activity and sedentary be-haviours from before to during the COVID-19 pan-demic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7(1), e000960. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960

Shulruf, B., Shachaf, M., & Shoval, E. (2020). Daily activity Borg scale (DABS): using the Borg’s RPE scale for assessing the level of daily physical activity. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(6), 3368–3376. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.06456

Troumpeta, S. (2001). Constructing identities for the Mus-lims of Thrace. Athens: Kritiki.

Tsourlou, T., Benik, A., Dipla, K., Zafeiridis, A., & Kel-lis, S. (2006). The effects of a twenty-four-week aquatic training program on muscular strength per-formance in healthy elderly women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.1519/r-18455.1

Tsourlou, T., Gerodimos, V., Kellis, E., Stavropoulos, N., & Kellis, S. (2003). The effects of a calisthenics and a light strength training program on lower limb muscle strength and body composition in mature women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(3), 590-598. PMID: 12930192

Vekris, L. (2003). Second Chance Schools: A European experimental project against social exclusion - the Greek version. In L. Vekris, & E. Hondolidou, (ed.). Study Standards for Second Chance Schools. Athens: YPEPTH/YPEE/IDEKE.

Vuori, I. M. (2001). Dose-response of physical activity and low back pain, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33 (6), S551-S586. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106001-00026

Walker, M., Klentrou, P., Chow, R., & Plyley, M. (2000). Longitudinal evaluation of supervised versus unsupervised exercise programs for the treatment of osteoporosis. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 83 (4-5), 349-355.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000266

Watts, K., Jones, T., Davis, E., & Green, D. (2005). Exercise training in obese children and adolescents: current concepts. Sports Medicine, 35(5), 375-392. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535050-00002

World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Tackling Chronic Disease in Europe: Strategies, interventions and challenges. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.

Descargas

Publicado

2024-12-01

Cómo citar

Vousiopoulos, S., Kouli, O., Douda, H., & Derri, V. (2024). El impacto de un programa de actividad física organizada en los indicadores de salud de los estudiantes de diferentes grupos culturales en el entorno escolar de segunda oportunidad (The impact of an organized physical activity program on the health indicators of students from differ-ent cultural groups in second chance school setting). Retos, 61, 953–961. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108798

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas