Efectos de la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios con trastornos de salud mental: una revisión sistemática con Metaanálisis (Effects of physical activity on university students with mental health disorders: a systematic review with Meta-Analysis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108367Palabras clave:
Actividad Física, Universitarios, Depresión, Ansiedad, Estrés, Salud MentalResumen
La creciente evidencia científica sugiere que la actividad física mejora la sintomatología depresiva, de ansiedad o de estrés en diferentes poblaciones, en especial la universitaria. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conducir una revisión sistemática de estudios controlados aleatorizados que evaluaron los efectos de la actividad física en la sintomatología depresiva, de ansiedad y/o estrés estudiantes universitarios en el período de 1986 al 2023. Diferentes palabras clave relacionadas con la temática y operadores Booleanos fueron usados en las bases de datos: Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus. Un total de 27 artículos que reunieron los criterios de inclusión fueron analizados, todos ellos evaluaron la depresión, ansiedad o estrés con diversas baterías. En el metaanálisis un total de 22 estudios: 10 estudios para la depresión, 8 para la ansiedad y 4 para el estrés mostraron los beneficios de las actividades físicas realizadas. Todos los estudios tenían al menos un grupo de intervención con actividades físicas y las intervenciones mostraron diversidad de variedad de frecuencia, duración y tipos. La heterogeneidad de protocolos implementados puede ser la razón de la variedad de resultados. Futuros estudios deberán establecer con mejor claridad la prescripción del ejercicio para establecer cual genera efectos más benéficos y duraderos en la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios.
Palabras Clave: Actividad Física; Universitarios; Depresión; Ansiedad; Estrés, Salud Mental
Abstract. Recent scientific evidence increasingly suggests that physical activities can effectively alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress across different populations, particularly among university students (1986 – 2023). The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of physical activities on depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms in university students. Various keywords related to the topic and Boolean operators were employed in the databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. A total of 27 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Each study utilized diverse assessment batteries to evaluate depression, anxiety, or stress. In the meta-analysis, a comprehensive review of 22 studies (10 focusing on depression, 8 on anxiety, and 4 on stress) consistently demonstrated the positive effects of physical activities. All studies incorporated at least one intervention group engaging in physical activities, with interventions varying in terms of frequency, duration, and types. The diversity in implemented protocols likely contributed to the range of observed outcomes. Moving forward, it is crucial for future research to establish clearer guidelines for exercise prescription to determine which types yield the most beneficial and sustainable effects on the mental health of university students.
Keywords: Physical Activity; University Students; Depression; Anxiety; Stress; Mental Health
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