¿El mes de nacimiento y la posición influyen en el uso de ambos pies para jugar al fútbol en jugadores de la categoría Sub-17? (Does birth month and position influence the use of both feet for playing soccer in u-17 category players?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107349Palabras clave:
Futebol; Assimetria Funcional; Efeito da idade relativa.Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las asociaciones entre el efecto de la edad relativa, la asimetría técnica funcional y el estatus posicional de los jóvenes futbolistas en la Copa del Mundo Sub-17. Se analizaron todos los partidos de los cuatro equipos semifinalistas de la Copa del Mundo Sub-17 de 2019 (Brasil, Francia, México y Países Bajos). El análisis de video se realizó a través de la plataforma LongoMatch. Para analizar la ATF se utilizó el “Sistema de Evaluación de la Asimetría Funcional de las Extremidades Inferiores en el Fútbol”, un instrumento que evalúa el índice de utilización de ambas extremidades inferiores durante el juego. Para obtener información sobre las fechas de nacimiento, pie dominante y estatus posicional de los jugadores, se utilizó el sitio web Transfermarkt. Los resultados mostraron una sobrerrepresentación de jugadores nacidos a principios del año en la división en terciles y semestres. No hubo influencia del EER sobre el estatus posicional de los jugadores, pero se observó una sobrerrepresentación de jugadores nacidos en el 1er tercil entre defensores, laterales y delanteros. No hubo diferencia significativa entre los terciles y semestres de nacimiento en relación con el índice de ATF y la precisión de las acciones técnicas con ambos pies. Así, se concluye que hubo EER en la muestra presente, pero el tercil de nacimiento no influyó en el índice de utilización de ambos pies para jugar al fútbol.
Palabras clave: Fútbol, Asimetria Funcional, Efecto de la Edad Relativa.
Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between the relative age effect (RAE), functional technical asymmetry (FTA), and positional status of young footballers in the U-17 World Cup. All matches of the four semifinalist teams of the 2019 U-17 World Cup (Brazil, France, Mexico, and the Netherlands) were analyzed. Video analysis was conducted using the LongoMatch platform. To analyze FTA, the “System of Assessment of Functional Asymmetry of the Lower Limbs in Football” was used, an instrument that evaluates the usage index of both lower limbs during the game. To obtain information about birth dates, dominant foot, and positional status of the players, the Transfermarkt website was used. The results showed an over-representation of players born at the beginning of the year in the division into tertiles and semesters. There was no RAE on the positional status of the players, but an over-representation of players born in the 1st tertile was observed among defenders, full-backs, and forwards. There was no significant difference between tertiles and semesters of birth regarding the FTA index and the accuracy of technical actions with both feet. Thus, it is concluded that there was RAE in the present sample, but the birth tertile did not influence the usage index of both feet for playing football.
Keywords: Football, Functional Asymmetry, Relative age effect.
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