El papel de la terapia con ejercicios en la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en una población de edad avanzada: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo (The role of exercise therapy in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in an elderly population: a prospective cohort study)

Autores/as

  • Nugroho Susanto Sports Science Study Program, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Trees Trees Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan, Kendari, Indonesia
  • Lisa Mustika Sari Bachelor of Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univeritas Perintis Indonesia, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2578-3860
  • B.M.A.S. Anaconda Bangkara Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, President University, Cikarang Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7179-1418
  • I Nengah Sandi Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
  • Loso Judijanto IPOSS Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7766-0647
  • Muhammad Nurhisyam Ali Setiawan Sports and Health Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Pasir Pengaraian, Rokan Hulu, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2825-8890

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106905

Palabras clave:

Doença cardiovascular, população idosa, terapia de exercícios, estudo de coorte prospetivo, fatores de risco de DCV, eventos cardiovasculares maiores, atividade física

Resumen

Este estudio examinó cómo la terapia de ejercicio reduce el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) en adultos mayores, utilizando una metodología de estudio de cohorte prospectiva para evaluar los efectos de la terapia de ejercicio en los eventos cardiovasculares. Revisamos cuidadosamente las publicaciones de investigación y los estudios clínicos relevantes, y nos asociamos con especialistas en estos temas. Varios estudios han examinado cómo la terapia de ejercicio afecta la salud cardiovascular en adultos mayores. Estos estudios han demostrado consistentemente que el ejercicio regular reduce el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y mejora los resultados en esta población. Una revisión de estudios controlados aleatorios encontró que los regímenes de ejercicio aeróbico, la resistencia y las combinaciones aumentaron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Para evaluar los cambios y tendencias de salud a largo plazo, medimos los parámetros cardiovasculares clave antes y después de la intervención utilizando datos longitudinales de sujetos que realizaban diferentes tipos de actividad física. La selección de los sujetos de investigación se utilizaron criterios estrictos de inclusión y exclusión para garantizar la fiabilidad de los datos. Estos cambios implican una reducción de la tensión circulatoria, un mejor perfil lipídico y la digestión de la glucosa. Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo mostró una relación dosis-respuesta entre el ejercicio y la reducción del riesgo de ECV. Una mayor actividad física reduce la incidencia cardiovascular y la mortalidad entre los ancianos. Los tratamientos con ejercicio mejoran la condición física y la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores, así como los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La aptitud física mejora la salud del corazón y la calidad de vida. La medicina deportiva también ha demostrado mejoras en la obesidad, la diabetes y las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas entre los ancianos. Esta revisión de estudios enfatiza el papel de la terapia con ejercicios en la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad cardiovascular en los ancianos. El ejercicio regular en esta población es esencial para la salud del corazón, la independencia funcional y el bienestar.

Palabras clave: terapia deportiva; enfermedades cardiovasculares; estudios de cohortes prospectivos; aptitud física; salud del corazón.

Abstract. This study examined how exercise therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults, using a prospective cohort study methodology to evaluate the effects of exercise therapy on cardiovascular events. We carefully review relevant research publications and clinical studies, as well as partner with specialists on these topics. Several studies have examined how exercise therapy affects cardiovascular health in older adults. These studies have consistently shown that regular exercise lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease and improves outcomes in this population. A review of randomised controlled studies found that aerobic exercise regimens, resistance, and combinations increased cardiovascular risk factors. To assess long-term health changes and trends, we measured key cardiovascular parameters before and after the intervention using longitudinal data from subjects engaged in different types of physical activity. We selected the research subjects using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the reliability of the data. These changes involve reduced circulatory tension, an improved lipid profile, and glucose digestion. A prospective cohort study showed a dose-response relationship between exercise and CVD risk reduction. Higher physical activity reduces cardiovascular incidence and mortality among the elderly. Exercise treatments improve the elderly's physical fitness and functional capacity, as well as cardiovascular risk factors. Physical fitness improves heart health and quality of life. Sports medicine has also demonstrated improvements in obesity, diabetes, and musculoskeletal disease among the elderly. This review of studies emphasises the role of exercise therapy in preventing and treating cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Regular exercise in this population is essential for heart health, functional independence, and well-being.

Keywords: sports therapy; cardiovascular diseases; prospective cohort studies; physical fitness; heart health.

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2024-09-01

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Susanto, N. ., Trees, T., Sari, L. M. ., Bangkara, B. A. ., Sandi, I. N. ., Judijanto, L. ., & Setiawan, M. N. A. . (2024). El papel de la terapia con ejercicios en la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en una población de edad avanzada: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo (The role of exercise therapy in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in an elderly population: a prospective cohort study). Retos, 58, 988–999. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106905

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