Asociación entre insatisfacción corporal, actividad física e indicadores de salud mental en adolescentes brasileños (Association between body dissatisfaction, physical activity and mental health indicators in Brazilian adolescents)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106052Palabras clave:
Body Image;, Body Dissatisfaction;, Physical Activity;, Mental Health;, Adolescence., (Imagen Corporal; Insatisfacción Corporal; Actividad Física; Salud Mental; Adolescencia).Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la asociación entre la insatisfacción corporal, la actividad física y los indicadores de salud mental en adolescentes brasileños. Se trata de un estudio transversal en que las informaciones que caracterizaron y compusieron las variables fueron obtenidas de la base de datos de educación de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar - Brasil - 2019. La muestra fue constituida por 124.898 adolescentes de 13 a 17 años, de escuelas públicas y particulares de todas las regiones de Brasil. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y regresión logística binaria, con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Todos los análisis se realizaron con el software Jamovi® para Windows, versión 2.3. Se encontró una asociación entre la insatisfacción corporal y la actividad física insuficiente (OR = 1,17; IC 95% = 1,44; 1,21) y en todos los indicadores de las variables relacionadas con la salud mental que los adolescentes respondieron "la mayoría de las veces, siempre": preocupaciones varias (OR = 1,43; IC95% = 1,39; 1,48), sentimientos de tristeza (OR = 1,97; IC95% = 1,89; 2,04), indiferencia percibida (OR = 1,42; IC95% = 1,37; 1,47), sentimientos de irritación (OR = 1,39; IC 95% = 1,35; 1,44), ideación suicida (OR = 1,49; IC 95% = 1,43; 1,56) y adolescentes que declararon "no tener amigos íntimos" (OR = 1,38; IC 95% = 1,27; 1,50). Concluimos que existe una asociación directa entre la insatisfacción corporal, la actividad física insuficiente y los indicadores de salud mental frágil en adolescentes brasileños.
Palabras clave: Imagen Corporal; Insatisfacción Corporal; Actividad Física; Salud Mental; Adolescencia.
Abstract. This study aimed to verify the association between body dissatisfaction, physical activity and mental health indicators in Brazilian adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study, where the information that characterized and composed the variables was obtained from the education database of the National School Health Survey - Brazil - 2019. The sample consisted of 124,898 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 from public and private schools in all regions of Brazil. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, with a significance level of 0.05. All the analyses were carried out using the Jamovi® for Windows software, version 2.3. An association was found between body dissatisfaction and insufficient physical activity (OR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.44; 1.21) and in all the indicators of the variables related to mental health that adolescents answered "most of the time, always": miscellaneous worries (OR = 1.43; 95%CI = 1.39; 1.48), feelings of sadness (OR = 1.97; 95%CI = 1.89; 2.04), perceived indifference (OR = 1.42; 95%CI = 1.37; 1.47), feelings of irritation (OR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.35; 1.44), suicidal ideation (OR = 1.49; 95%CI = 1.43; 1.56), and adolescents who reported having "no close friends" (OR = 1.38; 95%CI = 1.27; 1.50). We conclude that there is a direct association between body dissatisfaction, insufficient physical activity and fragile mental health indicators in Brazilian adolescents.
Keywords: Body Image; Body Dissatisfaction; Physical Activity; Mental Health, Adolescence.
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