Influencia de los desplazamientos activos sobre la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en escolares (Influence of active commuting on cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.105660Palabras clave:
transporte activo, fitness cardiorespiratorio, adolescentes, inactividad físicaResumen
Los desplazamientos activos (caminar o andar en bicicleta) se asocian con beneficios para la salud y con mejoras en el fitness cardiorrespiratorio (FCR). El objetivo fue analizar la influencia del desplazamiento activo sobre el FCR en escolares
y secundariamente, caracterizar el tipo y modo de desplazamiento activo de los participantes de esta investigación. Estudio de diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional. Se evaluaron 81 adolescentes entre 11 y 14 años de dos colegios municipales de la ciudad de Talca, Chile. El desplazamiento activo se evaluó con el cuestionario PACO (Pedalea y anda al Cole), mientras que el FCR se obtuvo a través de la prueba Course Navette, que permite estimar el consumo de oxígeno (VO2max) de los participantes. Se utilizó el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) y se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Escolares con desplazamiento activo presentan un VO2max significativamente mayor en comparación a que quienes tienen un desplazamiento pasivo (p<0,001; β= 2,267). Dentro de las variables de ajuste se pudo observar que la edad influye significativamente en el modelo, en donde los escolares de menor edad presentaron un mayor VO2max (p=0,043; β=-1,118). El sexo y el índice de masa corporal no influyeron en el resultado del VO2max. Este estudio mostró que los desplazamientos activos hacia y desde la escuela y la edad de los participantes influyen sobre el FCR, lo que podría contribuir a mejorar la condición física.
Palabras clave: Transporte, caminar, Capacidad aeróbica, Adolescentes, Transporte activo.
Abstract. Active commuting (walking or cycling) is associated with health benefits and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) improvements. The aim was to analyze the influence of active commuting on CRF in schoolchildren and, secondarily, to characterize the type and mode of active commuting used by the participants in this research. Study quantitative, descriptive-correlational design. 81 adolescents between 11 and 14 years from two municipal schools in Talca, Chile, were evaluated. The active commuting was evaluated with the PACO questionnaire (from its acronym in Spanish, Pedalea y anda al Cole) while the CRF was obtained through the Course Navette test, which allows indirect estimation of the oxygen consumption (VO2max) of the participants. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software was used for the statistical analysis, and a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Schoolchildren who engage in active commuting have a significantly higher VO2max compared to those with passive commuting (p<0.001; β=2.267). Among the adjustment variables, age was found to have a significant influence on the model, with younger schoolchildren exhibiting a higher VO2max (p=0.043; β=-1.118). Sex and body mass index did not affect the VO2max outcome. This study showed that active commuting to and from school, as well as the age of the participants, influence CRF, which could contribute to improved physical fitness.
Keywords: Transportation, Walking, Aerobic capacity, Adolescents, Active Commuting
Citas
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