Adaptaciones morfofuncionales en programas HIIT de peso corporal: una revisión sistemática (Morphofunctional adaptations in bodyweight HIIT programs: Systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.104727Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, peso corporal, ejercício intermitente, treinamiento, atividad físicaResumen
El presente estudio resumió las adaptaciones morfofuncionales asociadas con el entrenamiento con ejercicios en intervalos de alta intensidad a largo plazo utilizando el peso corporal (HIIT-PC). Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Science Direct, Embase, Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS y Scielo hasta noviembre de 2023. Se utilizaron descriptores como cuerpo entero de alta intensidad, entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad, cuerpo entero, cuerpo entero. entrenamiento corporal, calistenia de cuerpo entero, entrenamiento calistenia de alta intensidad y trabajo corporal HIIT. Se incluyeron artículos originales que abordaban el HIIT como una intervención utilizando el peso corporal. Como método de exclusión se consideraron protocolos de intervención aguda, que no contenían la palabra clave en el título y resumen, uso de equipos, estudios en animales, artículos de revisión, informes de casos, cartas de opinión y cartas al editor. El análisis final estuvo compuesto por diecisiete estudios con intervenciones longitudinales. Los protocolos HIIT-PC presentaron características metodológicas variadas en relación al número de series que oscilaron entre cuatro y treinta y seis con intensidad “máxima” e intervalos activos y/o pasivos entre series. Las principales adaptaciones provocadas por el HIIT-PC fueron mejoras en la condición física, el rendimiento muscular, la composición corporal, los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios, neuromusculares y psicofisiológicos. Comparativamente, el HIIT-PC presenta resultados similares y/o superiores a otras metodologías de entrenamiento como el HIIT mediante ergómetros, el entrenamiento interválico de sprint (SIT) y el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (TCIM) o intensidad vigorosa. El entrenamiento HIIT-PC generó adaptaciones similares a los protocolos HIIT convencionales, entrenamiento de sprint interválico, continuo moderado y vigoroso en aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, rendimiento físico, parámetros de composición corporal, parámetros metabólicos y hormonales, sensación de bienestar, placer e intención de practicar el entrenamiento, con una reducción de los síntomas de estrés y depresión, convirtiendo este método de entrenamiento en una estrategia interesante para la planificación de programas de actividad física por parte de profesionales del sector.
Palabras clave: Entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, peso corporal, ejercício intermitente, treinamiento, atividad física.
Abstract. The present study summarized the morphofunctional adaptations associated with long-term high-intensity interval exercise training using body weight (HIIT-BW). The searches were carried out in the Science Direct, Embase, Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and Scielo databases until November 2023. Descriptors such as high-intensity whole-body, high-intensity functional training, whole-body, whole-body were used. body training, whole-body calisthenics, high-intensity calisthenic training and HIIT body work. Original articles were included, which addressed HIIT as an intervention using body weight. As an exclusion method, acute intervention protocols, not containing the keyword in the title and abstract, use of equipment, animal studies, review articles, case reports, opinion letters and letters to the editor were considered. The final analysis consisted of seventeen studies with longitudinal interventions. The HIIT-PC protocols presented varied methodological characteristics in relation to the number of sets ranging from four to thirty-six with “all-out” intensity and active and/or passive intervals between sets. The main adaptations caused by HIIT-BW were improvements in physical fitness, muscular performance, body composition, cardiorespiratory, neuromuscular and psychophysiological parameters. Comparatively, HIIT-PC presents similar and/or superior results to other training methodologies such as HIIT using ergometers, sprint interval training (SIT) and continuous training of moderate intensity (TCIM) or vigorous intensity. HIIT-BW training generated adaptations similar to conventional HIIT protocols, interval sprint training, moderate and vigorous continuous in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical performance, body composition parameters, metabolic and hormonal parameters, sense of well-being, pleasure and intention practice to training, with a reduction in symptoms of stress and depression, making this training method an interesting strategy for planning physical activity programs by professionals in the field.
Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training, body weigth, intermitent exercise, training, physical activity
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