Calidad de Vida de Personas con Discapacidad Motriz, Practicantes o no en Paradeportes (Quality of Life of People with Motor Disabilities, Involved or not in Parasports)

Autores/as

  • Karollyni Bastos Andrade Dantas Karollyni Bastos Andrade Dantas Universidade Tirandentes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-6976
  • Gabriel Gastélum-Cuadras Gabriel Gastélum-Cuadras Autonomous University of Chihuahua, International Human Motricity Network (IHMN) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-1125
  • David Arnoldo García Fernández David Arnoldo García Fernández Autonomous University of Chihuahua
  • Raissa Pinho Morais Raissa Pinho Morais Bachelor's Degree Program in Psychology at Tiradentes University - UNIT, Aracaju, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-1712
  • Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas Doctor’s Degree Program in Nursing and Biosciences - PPgEnfBio, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-8020

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.103939

Palabras clave:

Para-atleta; Personas con discapacidad; Indicadores de Calidad de Vida; Calidad de Vida

Resumen

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del paradeporte en la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidades motoras. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo transversal realizado con 351 para-atletas ( = 30.9 ± 11.7 años) y 90 no atletas con discapacidades motoras ( = 31.6 ± 9.3 años). Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Estatal de Pará (CAAE n.º 51930821.2.0000.5174), bajo el protocolo n.º. Decreto n.º 5.012.266, de 1 de octubre de 2021. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario de Google Forms. La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante la aplicación del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud - WHOQOL-100. Los datos se presentaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y se sometieron a análisis inferenciales utilizando pruebas no paramétricas, ya que la distribución de los datos no presentó una distribución normal. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney para comparaciones intergrupales de variables continuas. Para variables discretas y/o nominales, se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson, ambas con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05 para rechazar la hipótesis nula. Resultados: Los para-atletas tuvieron una mejor calidad de vida que los no atletas (∆% = 12.97%, p = 0.02), logrando un índice general de 14.20, clasificándolos como alto (por encima de 14 puntos). Este resultado se debe principalmente al Dominio 6 (Espiritualidad), donde este grupo obtuvo un índice de 16.90, superior al grupo de no atletas en este dominio (∆% = 16.69%). Conclusión: En relación con sus discapacidades físicas, el grupo de para-atletas tuvo una mejor calidad de vida que sus colegas no atletas. Se puede inferir que la práctica del paradeporte puede haber ayudado a personas con discapacidades físicas a superar sus limitaciones.

Palabras clave: Para-atleta; Personas con discapacidad; Indicadores de Calidad de Vida; Calidad de Vida.

Abstract. Objective: To assess the influence of parasports on the quality of life of people with motor disabilities. Methodology: Cross-sectional quantitative study carried out with 351 para- athletes ( = 30.9 ± 11.7 years) and 90 non-athletes. with motor disabilities ( = 31.6 ± 9.3 years). It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the State University of Pará (CAAE nº 51930821.2.0000.5174), under protocol nº. Decree No. 5,012,266, of October 1, 2021. Data was collected using a Google Forms questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed through the application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire – WHOQOL-100. The data were presented using descriptive statistics and subjected to inferential analysis using non-parametric tests, where the continuous distribution of data differs from the normal distribution. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test was applied for intergroup comparisons of continuous variables. For discrete and/or nominal variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used, both with a significance level of p < 0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. Results: Para-athletes had a better quality of life than non-athletes (∆% = 12.97%, p = 0.02), with the former achieving a general index of 14.20, classifying them as high (above 14 points). This result is mainly due to Domain 6 (Spirituality), where this group obtained an index of 16.90, higher than the group of non-athletes in this domain (∆%= 16.69%). Conclusion: Regarding their physical disabilities, the para-athlete group had abetter quality of life than their non-athlete counterparts. It can be inferred that the practice of parasport may have helped people with physical disabilities to overcome their limitations.

Keywords: Para-athlete; Persons with disabilities; Quality of Life Indicators; Quality of Life.

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Publicado

2024-08-03

Cómo citar

Karollyni Bastos Andrade Dantas, K. B. A. D., Gabriel Gastélum-Cuadras, G. G.-C., David Arnoldo García Fernández, D. A. G. F., Raissa Pinho Morais, R. P. M., & Estélio Henrique Martin Dantas , E. H. M. D. . (2024). Calidad de Vida de Personas con Discapacidad Motriz, Practicantes o no en Paradeportes (Quality of Life of People with Motor Disabilities, Involved or not in Parasports). Retos, 57, 581–588. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.103939

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas