Efectos de un programa de actividad física de corrección postural y activación muscular para la prevención del dolor lumbar en alumnado de Educación Física de 3º y 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (Effects of a physical activity program of postural correction and muscle activation for the prevention of low back pain in Physical Education students in 3th and 4th grade of Compulsory Secondary Education)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102974

Palabras clave:

Postura, activación muscular, prevención, lumbalgia, ejercicios isométricos, electromiografía (EMG)

Resumen

Objetivo: Valorar postural, articular y muscularmente la salud lumbar de una muestra de mujeres adolescentes y medir su mejora tras la llevar a cabo un programa preventivo. Metodología: Se diseñaron una serie de ejercicios para su aplicación en la vuelta a la calma de las sesiones de Educación Física durante cuatro semanas, centrados en el desarrollo muscular lumbar, y la estabilidad y alineación raquídea. Resultados: Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre test y retest, en dos ítems de alineación del raquis (p < .05), pero no reportan cambios en las pruebas de estabilización raquídea y la electromiografía (p = .47). Los datos de regresión en caso de continuar la aplicación del programa indican tendencia a la mejora en esta variable. Conclusiones: La conclusión principal es resaltar la importancia de aplicar diferentes pruebas de evaluación que permitan detectar anomalías posturales y la necesidad de adoptar hábitos preventivos centrados en la práctica continuada de ejercicio físico.

Palabras clave: Dolor lumbar, postura, activación muscular, adolescentes.

Abstract. Objective: To assess postural, joint and muscular lowback health in a sample of adolescent women and to measure their improvement after carrying out a preventive programme. Methodology: A series of exercises were designed to be applied in the return to calm during the Physical Education sessions for four weeks, focusing on lumbar muscle development, and spinal stability and alignment. Results: The results show significant differences between test and retest in two spine alignment items (p < .05), but no changes in spine stabilisation tests and electromyography (p = .47). Regression data in case of continued application of the programme indicate a trend towards improvement in this variable. Conclusions: The main conclusion is to highlight the importance of applying different assessment tests to detect postural abnormalities and the need to adopt preventive habits focused on the continued practice of physical exercise.

Key words: Low-back pain, posture, muscle activation, adolescents.

Citas

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2024-07-01

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Martín-Ruiz, J., Peris Perales, J., Ferrer Adelantado, M. T., Gallego Cerveró, C., Tamarit Grancha, I., & Ruiz Sanchis, L. (2024). Efectos de un programa de actividad física de corrección postural y activación muscular para la prevención del dolor lumbar en alumnado de Educación Física de 3º y 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (Effects of a physical activity program of postural correction and muscle activation for the prevention of low back pain in Physical Education students in 3th and 4th grade of Compulsory Secondary Education). Retos, 56, 732–743. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.102974

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas