Efecto del entrenamiento aeróbico sobre indicadores biológicos y de salud mental en pacientes Post-COVID-19 (Aerobic training effect on mental health and biological indicators in Post-COVID-19 patients)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101983Palabras clave:
Actividad Física, Salud Mental, Calidad de Vida, COVID-19, Aptitud FísicaResumen
Introducción. Uno de los aspectos de la salud más afectados en los pacientes contagiados por COVID-19 fue la salud mental. Organizaciones lideres a nivel mundial han recomendado como uno de los principales tratamientos la práctica de actividad física. Objetivo. Analizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio aerobio de corta duración sobre indicadores biológicos, salud mental y calidad de vida en pacientes post COVID-19. Métodos. Se midió en 10 pacientes post COVID-19 la sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad, estrés, calidad de vida, signos vitales, aptitud física y composición corporal. Se aplicó un programa de ejercicio físico aerobio al 40-60% de intensidad, cinco días a la semana, 50 minutos por sesión durante cuatro semanas. Resultados. Se encontró una disminución de la sintomatología de depresión de un 30%, de estrés un 58% y ansiedad un 44% durante el periodo de intervención (p<0.001). Respecto a la percepción de calidad de vida, el área psicológica fue la que presentó un efecto positivo durante la intervención (p=0.035). Se encontró un aumento en fuerza de piernas (p=0.018) y disminución de grasa corporal (p=0.005) durante la intervención. Conclusión. Un programa de ejercicio físico de corta duración presenta beneficios en indicadores de salud mental en pacientes post COVID-19.
Palabras clave: Actividad física; Salud mental; Calidad de Vida, COVID-19, Aptitud física.
Abstract. Introduction. One of the aspects of health most affected in patients infected by COVID-19 was mental health. Leading organizations worldwide have recommended physical activity as one of the main actions. Objective. To analyze the effect of a short-term aerobic training program on biological and mental health and quality of life indicators in post-Covid-19 patients. Methods. Symptomatology of depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life, vital signs, physical fitness and body composition were measured in 10 post COVID-19 patients. An aerobic physical exercise program was applied at 40-60% intensity, five days a week, 50 minutes per session for four weeks. Results. A 30% decrease in depression symptomatology, 58% in stress and 44% in anxiety was found during the intervention period (p<0.001). Regarding the perception of quality of life, the psychological area was the one that presented a positive effect during the intervention (p=0.035). An increase in leg strength (p=0.018) and a decrease in body fat (p=0.005) were found during the intervention. Conclusion. A short-term physical exercise program shows benefits in mental health indicators in post-COVID-19 patients.
Key Words: Physical activity; Mental health; Quality of life, COVID-19; Fitness.
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