Capillaroscopy, microangiopathy, and HIV. Descriptive study of capillaroscopy findings in HIV positive patients

Authors

  • Guillermo Verdejo-Muñoz Servicio de Medicina Interna. Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedès i Garraf. Barcelona. España.
  • César Gálvez-Barrón Área de investigación. Consorci Sanitari Alt Penedes i Garraf. Barcelona. España.
  • Borja Gracia Tello Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza
  • Sara Gamarra Calvo Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Barcelona
  • Isabel Sanjoaquín Conde Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza
  • Andrés Catena Departamento de Psicología Experimental. Universidad de Granada. Granada. España
  • José Ramón Blanco Ramos 1. Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario San Pedro. Logroño. España. 2. Centro de investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR). Logroño. España.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1015

Keywords:

HIV, Capillaroscopy, Microangiopathy

Abstract

Background. In this study, we aim to evaluate microangiopathy in HIV positive patients by using capillaroscopy. To date, few studies have been published on the topic. Capillaroscopy may be a tool for early diagnosis of cardiovascular involvement in this patient population.

Methodology. Cross-sectional study with HIV positive patients >18 years. The enrolment period was set from January to June 2018. The following data were collected: demographic (sex, age), laboratory tests (duration of infection, CD4 cell count, CD4:CD8 ratio, coinfection with other viruses), antiretroviral treatment, dyslipidemia, and comorbidities (active smoking, alcoholism, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, cardiopathy). The capillaroscopy and blood tests were performed simultaneously. The following alterations were evaluated in the capillaroscopy: congestion, tortuosity, haemorrhage, dilations, capillary loss, and presence of megacapillaries.

Results. One hundred and two patients were included; 73.5% were male, mean age was 40 years (SD: 10), and mean duration of infection 4.5 years (SD 3.1). At diagnosis, mean CD4 cell count was 408/mm3 and CD4/CD8 ratio 0.4. A number of patients (14.7%) were coinfected with the hepatitis B virus; 31.3% were active smokers and 13.7% alcoholics. Capillaroscopy alterations were found in most study patients (93.1%): congestion (78.5%), tortuosity (77.5%), haemorrhage (13.8%), dilations (11.8%), capillary loss (5%), and megacapillaries (1%). Capillary tortuo­sity was associated with age and smoking; and haemorrhage with age, CD4, antiretroviral treatment, and hypertension.

Conclusion. Prevalence of capillaroscopy alterations is high in HIV positive patients, particularly tortuosity and congestion. To the best of our knowledge, the later alteration has not been previously reported in this group of patients.

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Published

2022-12-05

How to Cite

Verdejo-Muñoz, G., Gálvez-Barrón , C. ., Gracia Tello, B. ., Gamarra Calvo, S. ., Sanjoaquín Conde, I. ., Catena, A. ., & Blanco Ramos, J. R. . . (2022). Capillaroscopy, microangiopathy, and HIV. Descriptive study of capillaroscopy findings in HIV positive patients . Anales Del Sistema Sanitario De Navarra, 45(3), e1015. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1015

Issue

Vol. 45 No. 3 (2022): September-December 2022

Section

Research articles

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