Diagnosis of tuberculosis infection

Abstract

The prevalence of tuberculosis infection varies between countries, with an estimate in adults in Spain of 25%. The technique for its diagnosis, in spite of its antiquity, is tuberculin. Even today, this test continues to be in use in the majority of countries. In recent years two methods of immunodiagnosis based on detection of IFN-g released by T cells in response to M. tuberculosis–specific antigens, enables us to diagnose the infection in a laboratory without all of the problems deriving from the administration of tuberculin. From the contact studies made it has been shown that these techniques correlate better with the degree and duration of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that prior vaccination with BCG does not interfere with their results, which without doubt will result in a reduction in the number of unnecessary chemoprofilaxis.