Prevención primaria de enfermedades cardiovasculares: una revisión de revisiones de intervenciones no farmacológicas

Autores/as

  • E. Martin Ruiz Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-1198
  • A. Olry de Labry Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/ Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
  • D. Epstein Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Universidad de Granada. Campus Universitario de Cartuja. Granada, Spain.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0316

Palabras clave:

Cardiovascular, Non-Prescription Intervention, Umbrella Review, Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Resumen

Fundamento. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la efectividad de intervenciones no farmacológicas para la prevención de eventos relacionados con enfermedad cardiovascular (CVD), y mortalidad en adultos sanos o con alto riesgo de CVD.

Método. Revisión de revisiones sobre prevención primaria de intervenciones no farmacológicas en las bases de datos de PubMed Health, Effective Health Care Program AHRQ, McMaster University and the Cochrane Plus hasta Julio de 2017. Los resultados primarios fueron el riesgo relativo de eventos CVD, fatales y no fatales, y de mortalidad; los efectos adversos fueron los eventos secundarios.

Resultados. Se incluyeron veinticuatro revisiones, de las cuales trece informan resultados de interés. Cuatro observaron una reducción significativa del riesgo: suplementación de vitamina D, incremento del consumo de ácidos grasos omega 3, Qigong, y educación para la modificación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Siete revisiones informaron sobre eventos adversos menores y/o no significativos respecto del grupo control.

Conclusiones. Cuatro intervenciones no farmacológicas son las que muestran una reducción estadísticamente significativa en eventos CVD o mortalidad total, con escasos o nulos efectos adversos. Se requiere de una investigación de mayor calidad metodológica y de mayor seguimiento de las intervenciones para establecer si estas, combinadas o por separado, conducen a claros beneficios en salud a largo plazo.

Palabras clave. Cardiovascular. Intervención no-prescrita. Revisión de revisiones. Revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis.

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Publicado

2018-12-26

Cómo citar

Martin Ruiz, E., Olry de Labry, A., & Epstein, D. (2018). Prevención primaria de enfermedades cardiovasculares: una revisión de revisiones de intervenciones no farmacológicas. Anales Del Sistema Sanitario De Navarra, 41(3), 355–369. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0316

Número

Vol. 41 Núm. 3 (2018)

Sección

Revisiones

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2018 Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra

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