Síndrome de dolor miofascial cervical. Revisión narrativa del tratamiento fisioterápico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0058Palabras clave:
Cervicalgia. Punto gatillo miofascial. Síndrome de dolor miofascial. Fisioterapia. Diagnóstico.Resumen
El dolor es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial que depende de la interacción de factores biopsicosociales. Entre el 15-25% de los adultos sufren dolor crónico en algún momento de su vida. A nivel cervical el dolor crónico es considerado un problema de salud pública y afectó a un 9,6% de hombres y a un 21,9% de mujeres según la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2011-12. Un porcentaje muy elevado de consultas por dolor muscular en atención primaria resulta ser por síndrome de dolor miofascial. Su existencia implica la presencia de puntos gatillo miofasciales que pueden encontrarse latentes o activos en toda la población. El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer los métodos terapéuticos más utilizados aplicados por el fisioterapeuta en el tratamiento de este síndrome a nivel cervical. Algunas de las técnicas más utilizadas que pueden resultar útiles a corto o medio plazo son: la compresión isquémica y/o liberación por barrera, y la punción seca. Asimismo, para tratar este síndrome también son utilizadas distintas combinaciones de modalidades terapéuticas teniendo en cuenta otros aspectos como el educativo.
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