Who are the losers of the economic crisis? Explaining the vote for rightwing populist parties in Europe after the Great Recession

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.48.01

Palabras clave:

Gran Recesión, inmigración, populismo, partidos populistas de derecha, comportamiento electoral.

Resumen

Los partidos populistas de derecha han obtenido unos resultados electorales sin precedentes durante la Gran Recesión en Europa. Mientras que algunos autores han adoptado una aproximación a nivel agregado para explicar su éxito, subrayando la importancia del contexto de crisis, otros se han centrado en explicaciones a nivel micro para analizar cómo los «perdedores de la globalización» (los mayores, con menor nivel educativo, y de clase social baja) comprenden la principal base electoral de estos partidos. Sin embargo, el éxito de estas formaciones ha sido mayor en los países menos afectados por la crisis y, en ciertos contextos, los llamados “perdedores” de la globalización no han sido la base electoral de estas formaciones. Utilizando datos individuales de doce países de Europa Occidental, provenientes de la base de datos European Election Studies (2014), en este trabajo demostramos que la combinación de estos dos conjuntos de explicaciones (a nivel macro y micro) es necesaria no solo por razones empíricas, sino también conceptuales, para poder entender el fenómeno. Mientras que el perfil general de esta familia de votantes tiende a ser de mayor edad, con menor nivel educativo y perteneciente a clases sociales bajas, en los países más afectados por la crisis los electores de los partidos populistas de derechas tienden a ser más jóvenes y con un nivel educativo más alto.

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Biografía del autor/a

José Rama Caamaño , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

José Rama es Graduado en Ciencia Política y Administración Pública por la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC) y Máster en Democracia y Gobierno por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). José ha sido investigador visitante en la Universidad de Nottingham y es investigador doctoral en el Departamento de Ciencia Política de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), donde trabaja en su tesis doctoral con un Contrato de Formación del Profesorado Universitario (FPU). Obtuvo el Premio Extraordinario Fin de Grado otorgado por la USC y el Premio de Fin de Carrera de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia en el año 2015.

Guillermo Cordero , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Guillermo Cordero es Profesor Ayudante Doctor y Secretario Académico del Departamento de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Anteriormente fue profesor e investigador postdoctoral en la Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona), así como investigador predoctoral en el antiguo Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias Sociales (CEACS) de la Fundación Juan March (Madrid). Ha realizado estancias de investigación en la Universidad de Michigan, la Universidad de Essex y la Universidad de Montreal. Guillermo Cordero es Máster en Democracia y Gobierno (2009) y Doctor en Ciencia Política (2012). Sus publicaciones académicas incluyen diversos libros, capítulos y artículos; es autor o coautor de artículos publicados en revistas como Acta Politica, American Behavioral Scientist, Canadian Journal of Political Science, Parliamentary Affairs, Revista de Estudios Políticos, Revista Española de Ciencia Política, Revista de Investigaciones Sociológicas, South European Society and Politics, y West European Politics, entre otras. 

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Publicado

2018-11-29

Cómo citar

Rama Caamaño, J., & Cordero, G. (2018). Who are the losers of the economic crisis? Explaining the vote for rightwing populist parties in Europe after the Great Recession. Revista Española De Ciencia Política, (48), 13–43. https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.48.01

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