Accessibility to health care facilities: a conceptual review and a measure with 2SFCA method for affiliated population from Mexico City

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2025.226.14

Keywords:

Accessibility-access, Health care facilities, 2SFCA method, Geographically Weighted Regression, GWR, Mexico City

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to review conceptually
and methodologically the binomial accessibilityaccess
to health services. Also, to calculate an
accessibility index to health centers for Mexico City
using the 2SFCA method; a Geographically Weighted
Regression model is also constructed to identify
the weight of some aspatial barriers that affect
accessibility. The results obtained reveal that, at the
city level, the population in the extreme north and the
urban periphery bordering the south and southeast
of Mexico City, although quantitatively they have the
greatest presence of first level health care centers,
have the lowest accessibility. On the other hand, the
population from core of city with a higher average
level of schooling and less urban marginalization
reports a higher level of accessibility.ution of road
space for bicycles in Colombian cities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ADAY, L.A. & ANDERSEN, R. (1974): A Framework for the Study of Access to Medical Care. Health Services Research, 9(3), 208-220.

ALONSO, W. (1960): A theory of the urban land market. Papers and Proceedings of The Regional Science Association, 6(1), 149-157.

AXON, S. (2017): Relocation, relocation: perspectives on the spatio-temporal impacts of health services transitions. The Geographical Journal, 183(3), 272–284. http://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12214

BARRANCO-MARTIN, M. DEL C., & CALONGE-REILLO, F. (2023). Accesibilidad de las personas mayores en entornos metropolitanos: conjunto de capacidades en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara (México). Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 55(218), 1107–1130. https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2023.218.7

BRAVEMAN, P. & EGERTER, S. & WILLIAMS, D.R. (2011): The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annual Review of Public Health, 32: 381–98. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218

BRUNSDON, C. & FOTHERINGHAM, A.S. & CHARLTON, M.E. (1996): Geographically weighted regression: a method for exploring spatial nonstationarity. Geographical Analysis, 28(4), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1996.tb00936.x

CHRISTALLER, W. (1966): Central places in southern Germany, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (Traducción del libro de 1933, Die Zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland por Carlisle W. Baskin):

CONSEJO NACIONAL DE POBLACIÓN, CONAPO (2023): Índices de marginación urbana 2020. Consejo Nacional de Población, México. https://www.gob.mx/conapo/documentos/indices-de-marginacion-2020-284372 [21/09/2023]

DELAMATER, P.L. (2013): Spatial accessibility in suboptimally configured health care systems: A modified two-step floating catchment area (M2SFCA) metric. Health & Place, 24, 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.07.012

FUJITA, M., KRUGMAN, P. & VENABLES, A. (1999): The Spatial Economy. Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.

GALINDO, M.C. (2016): Soy derechohabiente, pero la clínica está muy lejos. Accesibilidad a servicios de salud en la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Colección Posgrado 72. Coordinación de Estudios de Posgrado. UNAM. México

GALINDO, M.C., REYES, V.A. & SUÁREZ, M. (2023): Localización de clínicas y hospitales en la jerarquía vial de Ciudad de México. Economía, Sociedad y Territorio. 23(73):809-840. http://dx.doi.org/10.22136/est20232015

GALINDO, M.C. & SUÁREZ, M. (2023a): Corrupción, unidades médicas, desigual oportunidad a la salud e impacto del coronavirus en México. En: Lozano, F & Valdivia, M. & Mendoza, M.A. (coords). Pandemia y desigualdades sociales y económicas en México. Tomo I. Colección: La década COVID en México. Los desafíos de la pandemia desde las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. UNAM. México. pp. 373-400. https://decadacovid.humanidades.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/DCM_tomo-1_pandemia-desigualdades-sociales.pdf

GALINDO, M.C. & SUÁREZ, M. (2023b): Movilidad cotidiana a unidades médicas: escenario antes y durante la primera ola del coronavirus en Ciudad de México. En: Suárez, M. & Ziccardi Contigliani, A. (coords). Ciudades mexicanas y condiciones de habitabilidad en tiempos de pandemia. Tomo XII. Colección: La década COVID en México. Los desafíos de la pandemia desde las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. UNAM. México. pp. 153-186. https://decadacovid.humanidades.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/DCM_tomo-12_ciudades-mexicanas.pdf

GEERLIGS, L., RANKIN, N.M., SHEPHERD, H.L. & BUTOW, P. (2018): Hospital-based interventions: a systematic review of staff-reported barriers and facilitators to implementation processes. Implementation Science, 13(36). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0726-9

GUAGLIARDO, M.F. (2004): Spatial accessibility of primary care: concepts, methods and challenges. International Journal of Health Geographics, 3:3. http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/3/1/3

HANDY, S. (1993): Regional Versus Local Accessibility: Implications for Nonwork Travel. Transportation Research Record, 1400, 58-66. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z79q67d

HANDY, S. (2020): Is accessibility an idea whose time has finally come? Transportation Research Part D, 83, 102319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102319

HANSEN, W.G. (1959): How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2). 73-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944365908978307

HART, J.T. (1971): The Inverse Care Law. The Lancet, 1, 401-412 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(71)92410-X

INGRAM, D.R. (1971): The concept of accessibility: a search for an operational form. Regional Studies, 5, 101-107.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA Y GEOGRAFÍA, INEGI. (2021): Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, México. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/ [21/09/2023]

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA Y GEOGRAFÍA, INEGI. (s/f): Marco Geoestadístico Nacional. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020, México. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=889463807469 [21/09/2023]

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA Y GEOGRAFÍA, INEGI. - Secretaría de Transporte y Movilidad, SETRAVI - Instituto de Ingeniería, II. (2017): Encuesta Origen Destino en Hogares de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México 2017. México: Instituto Nacio¬nal de Estadística y Geografía, Secretaría de Transporte y Vialidad del Distrito Federal, Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM. México. [21/09/2023]

JOSEPH, A.E. & PHILLIPS, D.R. (1984): Accessibility and utilization. Geographical perspectives on health care delivery, Harper and Row Publishers. New York.

KANUGANTI, S., SARKAR, A.K. & SINGH, A.P. (2016): Quantifying Accessibility to Health Care Using Two-step Floating Catchment Area Method (2SFCA): A Case Study in Rajasthan. Transportation Research Procedia, 17, 391-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.11.080

KEMNA, H. (1987): Working conditions and the relationship between schooling and health. Journal of Health Economics, 6, 189-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6296(87)90008-7

KHAN, A.A. (1992): An integrated approach to measuring potential spatial access to health care services. Socio-Economic Planning Science, 26, 275-287.https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(92)90004-O

KHASHOGGI, B.F. & MURAD, A. (2021): Use of 2SFCA Method to Identify and Analyze Spatial Access Disparities to Healthcare in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Applied Sciences, 11, 9537. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209537

KIM, M.K. & GRAEFE, D. (2021): Geographically Weighted Regression to Explore Spatially Varying Relationships of Recreation Resource Impacts: A Case Study from Adirondack Park, New York, USA. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 39(2), 43-63. https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2020-10515

KRUGMAN, P. (1995): The Self-Organizing Economy. Wiley-Blackwell.

LEFEVER, D.W. (1927): Measuring Geographic Concentration by Means of the Standar Deviational Ellipse. American Journal of Sociology, 32(1), 88.94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2765249

LOO, B.P.Y. & LAM, W.W.Y. (2012): Geographic accessibility around health care facilities for elderly residents in Hong Kong: a microscale walkability assessment. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 39(4), 629-646. https://doi.org/10.1068/b36146

LUO, W. & WHIPPO, T. (2012): Variable catchment sizes for the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. Health & Place, 18(4), 789-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.002

LUO, W. & QI, Y. (2009): An enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method for measuring spatial accessibility to primary care physicians. Health & Place, 15(4), 1100-1107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.06.002

LUO, W. & WANG, F. (2003a): Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30, 865-884. https://doi.org/10.1068/b29120

LUO, W. & WANG, F. (2003b): Spatial accessibility to primary care and physician shortage area designation: a case study in Illinois with GIS approaches. Skinner, R. & Khan, O. (Eds.): Geographic Information Systems and Health Applications, Idea Group Publishing, Hershey, PA, 260-278.

NGUI, A.N. & APPARICIO, P. (2011): Optimizing the two-step floating catchment area method for measuring spatial accessibility to medical clinics in Montreal. BMC Health Services Research, 11(1), 1-12. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/166

OSHAN, T.M., LI, Z., KANG, W., WOLF, L.J. & FOTHERINGHAM, A.S. (2019): MGWR: A Python Implementation of Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression for Investigating Process Spatial Heterogeneity and Scale. International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(269). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060269

PENCHANSKY, R. & THOMAS, W. (1981): The concept of access. Definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Medical Care, 19(2), 127-140. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3764310.pdf

PEREIRA, M.F., ALMENDRA, R., VALE, D.S. & SANTANA, P. (2020): The relationship between built environment and health in the Lisbon Metropolitan area – can walkability explain diabetes’ hospital admissions? Journal of Transport & Health, 18, 100893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100893

ROJAS, K.T., CHÁVEZ, T. & GARROCHO, C. (2022): Ciudad y COVID-19: accesibilidad de población adulta mayor a unidades médicas. Chimalhuacán, Estado de México. Frontera Norte, 34. https://doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2300

ROJAS, K.T., CHÁVEZ, T., GARROCHO, C. & MEJÍA, A. (2023): Adultos mayores y unidades de salud en el Área Metropolitana de Toluca 2020-2022: accesibilidad y localización. Estudios Socioterritoriales. Revista de Geografía, 33, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.37838/unicen/est.33-145

ROSS, C.E. & CHIA-LING, W. (1995): The links between education and health. American Sociological Review, 60(5), 719-745. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096319

SCHWARTZ, M. & DAS, S. (2019): Interpreting non-flat surfaces for walkability analysis. SIMAUD'19: Proceedings of the Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design, 30, 1–8. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/3390098.3390128

SECRETARÍA DE SALUD DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO, SEDESA. (s/f): Unidades de vacunación. Servicios de Salud Pública de la Ciudad de México, Gobierno de la Ciudad de México. https://sersalud.cdmx.gob.mx/sspcdmx/centros-de-salud.php

SECRETARÍA DE HACIENDA Y CRÉDITO PÚBLICO, SHCP. (2000): Antología de la planeación en México. Tomo 14. Alimentación, abasto, desarrollo urbano y vivienda, salud, educación y procuración de justicia (1983-1988), Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público y Fondo de Cultura Económica, México.

SECRETARÍA DE SALUD, SS & DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE INFORMACIÓN EN SALUD, DGIS. (2020): Datos abiertos. Recursos en Salud Sectorial 2020. Secretaría de Salud/Dirección General de Información en Salud, México. http://www.dgis.salud.gob.mx/contenidos/basesdedatos/da_recursos_gobmx.html

VICKERMAN, R.W. (1974): Accessibility, attraction, and potential: a review of some concepts and their use in determining mobility. Environment and Planning A, 6, 675-691.

VON DER WARTH, R., KAISER, V., REESE, C., BRÜHMANN, B.A. & FARIN-GLATTACKER, E. (2021): Barriers and facilitators for implementation of a complex health services intervention in long-term care homes: a qualitative study using focus groups. MC Geriatrics, 21, 632. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02579-y

WAN, N., ZOU, B. & STERNBERG, T. (2012): A three-step floating catchment area method for analyzing spatial access to health services. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 26(6), 1073–1089. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2011.624987

WANG, F. (2017): Inverted two-step floating catchment area method for measuring facility crowdedness. The Professional Geographer, 70(2), 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2017.1365308

WANG, F. & LUO, W. (2005): Assessing spatial and nonspatial factors for healthcare access: towards an integrated approach to defining health professional shortage areas. Health and Place, 11, 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.02.003

WANG, Y., TSAI, T.C., DUNCAN, D. & JI, J. (2022): Association of city-level walkability, accessibility to biking and public transportation and socio-economic features with COVID-19 infection in Massachusetts, USA: An ecological study. Geospatial Health, 17(s1), 1017. https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2022.1017

XIONG, X., JING Li, V., HUANG, B. & HUO, Z. (2022): Equality and social determinants of spatial accessibility, availability, and affordability to primary health care in Hong Kong, a descriptive study from the perspective of spatial analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 1364. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08760-2

YANG, D.H., GOERGE, R. & MULLNER, R. (2006): Comparing GIS-Based Methods of Measuring Spatial to Health Services. Journal of Medical Systems, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-006-7400-5

Published

2025-12-26

How to Cite

Galindo-Pérez, M. C. (2025). Accessibility to health care facilities: a conceptual review and a measure with 2SFCA method for affiliated population from Mexico City . Ciudad Y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 57(226), 828–845. https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2025.226.14

Issue

Section

Articles: Section 2

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.