La compétence “apprendre à apprendre” en sciences de la santé. Une étude qualitative

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Bernardo Gargallo López
Fran J. García-García
Inmaculada López-Francés
Benjamín Sarrià Chust
Amparo Benavent Garcés
Maria Àngels Cebrià i Iranzo

Résumé

INTRODUCTION. “Apprendre à apprendre” (AAA) est une compétence clé proposée par la Commission Européenne pour les systèmes éducatifs des pays membres (CE, 2005, 2018). À ce jour, les chercheurs ne sont pas encore d’accord sur le contenu de la notion d’apprendre à apprendre, permettant d’établir le modèle théorique nécessaire pour l’intégration de cette compétence dans les programmes d’études. Notre équipe de recherche a voulu concevoir et valider un modèle intégrateur à utiliser comme référence pour les enseignements. Ce modèle se compose de cinq dimensions (cognitive, métacognitive, affective-motivationnel, sociale-relationnel et éthique) et de 20 sous-dimensions. Les trois premières dimensions sont issues des théories de l’apprentissage stratégique et autorégulé, et la quatrième de l’approche sociocognitive tandis que la cinquième est une contribution originale de notre équipe. Plusieurs groupes d’étudiants, d’enseignants, de professionnels et d’employeurs dans le domaine des sciences de la santé ont été consultés pour valider ce modèle. MÉTHODE. Des méthodes qualitatives ont été utilisées pour effectuer la validation en développant quatre groupes de discussion (n=20). Les participants ont dû répondre à une question générale sur apprendre à apprendre et leurs réponses ont été enregistrées. Ensuite, ces enregistrements ont été transcrits et traités avec Atlas ti.8 afin de comparer les contenus codés avec le modèle théorique. La présence et la pertinence des dimensions et sous-dimensions du modèle initial ont été analysées en tenant compte de la fréquence des commentaires, des connexions et des interrelations. RÉSULTATS. Les résultats ont confirmé le modèle initial: les participants ont accordé de la pertinence à toutes les dimensions et presque à toutes les sous dimensions. DISCUSSION. Une future ligne de recherche consisterait à concevoir un instrument d’évaluation standardisé pour les étudiants universitaires basé sur ce modèle théorique. Sur la base des données, les limites du travail et les implications pour la pratique sont discutées.

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Gargallo López, B., García-García, F. J., López-Francés, I., Sarrià Chust, B., Benavent Garcés , A., & Cebrià i Iranzo, M. Àngels. (2024). La compétence “apprendre à apprendre” en sciences de la santé. Une étude qualitative. Bordón. Revista De Pedagogía, 76(1), 69–98. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2024.99069
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Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

Bernardo Gargallo López, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Full Professor of Theory of Education at the University of Valencia. He has participated in 15 funded research projects, of which he has directed 12. His last five RD projects focused on teaching and learning at the university. He is the author of more than one hundred publications. He twice won the First National Prize for Educational Research of the Ministry of Education and Science and achieved the Award for Teaching Excellence of the University of Valencia in 2010-2011.

Fran J. García-García, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Assistant Professor at the Department of Educational Theory, University of Valencia, Spain. His work deals with learning difficulties and processes, and his latest publications offer collaborative methods for solving asynchronous online learning problems with university students.

Inmaculada López-Francés, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Associate Professor at the Department of Educational Theory, University of Valencia, Spain. She is a member of the Research Group of University Pedagogy and Teaching-Learning Strategies and participated in five RD projects, coordinating one of them. Her research interests are gender and diversity in Higher Education.

Benjamín Sarrià Chust, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Professor of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Valencia. He has participated in 10 funded research projects; he also has been secretary and director of the Department of Pharmacology and he is currently the coordinator of the third year of the degree of Medicine. He is the author of more than fifty publications on Pharmacology, about teaching and learning of this subject. He won the Prize of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Valencia.

Amparo Benavent Garcés , Universidad de Valencia (España)

Professor at the Universitat de València, PhD in Nursing. She is recently retired. She has collaborated in three RD projects, two of them focused on teaching and learning at the university. She is co-author of five books, four of them on theoretical foundations of nursing and nursing methodology and one of them on teaching methodologies at the university level. She has several publications related to nursing ethics.

Maria Àngels Cebrià i Iranzo, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Professor of the Department of Physiotherapy at the University of Valencia. She also works at the Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe in Valencia where she combines her care taks with teaching and research. She has coordinated several projects of educational innovation in the degree in Physiotherapy and has collaborated in two research projects on teaching-learning at the University, funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport.

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