La competencia “aprender a aprender” en Ciencias de la Salud. Un estudio cualitativo

Contenido principal del artículo

Bernardo Gargallo López
Fran J. García-García
Inmaculada López-Francés
Benjamín Sarrià Chust
Amparo Benavent Garcés
Maria Àngels Cebrià i Iranzo

Resumen

INTRODUCCIÓN. “Aprender a aprender” (LTL) es una competencia clave propuesta por la Comisión Europea para los sistemas educativos de los países miembros (CE, 2005, 2018). Hasta la fecha, los académicos aún no han llegado a un acuerdo sobre aprender a aprender, de cara a establecer el modelo teórico requerido para incorporar esta competencia en los planes de estudio. Nuestro equipo de investigación se planteó como objetivo diseñar y validar un modelo integral para usarlo como referencia de cara a la intervención educativa. Este modelo consta de cinco dimensiones: cognitiva, metacognitiva, afectivo-motivacional, social-relacional y ética, y 20 subdimensiones. Las tres primeras dimensiones provienen de las teorías del aprendizaje estratégico y autorregulado, la cuarta del enfoque sociocognitivo y la quinta es un aporte original de nuestro equipo. Varios grupos de estudiantes, docentes, profesionales y empresarios de Ciencias de la Salud fueron consultados para validar este modelo. MÉTODO. Para realizar la validación se utilizaron métodos cualitativos mediante el desarrollo de cuatro grupos focales (n=20). A los participantes se les hizo una pregunta general sobre LTL y se grabaron sus aportaciones. Posteriormente estas grabaciones fueron transcritas y procesadas con Atlas ti.8 para comparar los contenidos codificados con el modelo teórico. Se analizó la presencia y relevancia de las dimensiones y subdimensiones del modelo inicial considerando frecuencia de comentarios, conexiones e interrelación. RESULTADOS. Los resultados confirmaron el modelo inicial: los participantes dieron relevancia a todas las dimensiones y a casi todas las subdimensiones. DISCUSIÓN. Una futura línea de investigación sería diseñar un instrumento de evaluación estandarizado para estudiantes universitarios basado en este modelo teórico. A partir de los datos se discuten las limitaciones del trabajo y las implicaciones para la práctica.

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Gargallo López, B., García-García, F. J., López-Francés, I., Sarrià Chust, B., Benavent Garcés , A., & Cebrià i Iranzo, M. Àngels. (2024). La competencia “aprender a aprender” en Ciencias de la Salud. Un estudio cualitativo. Bordón. Revista De Pedagogía, 76(1), 69–98. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2024.99069
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Bernardo Gargallo López, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Full Professor of Theory of Education at the University of Valencia. He has participated in 15 funded research projects, of which he has directed 12. His last five RD projects focused on teaching and learning at the university. He is the author of more than one hundred publications. He twice won the First National Prize for Educational Research of the Ministry of Education and Science and achieved the Award for Teaching Excellence of the University of Valencia in 2010-2011.

Fran J. García-García, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Assistant Professor at the Department of Educational Theory, University of Valencia, Spain. His work deals with learning difficulties and processes, and his latest publications offer collaborative methods for solving asynchronous online learning problems with university students.

Inmaculada López-Francés, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Associate Professor at the Department of Educational Theory, University of Valencia, Spain. She is a member of the Research Group of University Pedagogy and Teaching-Learning Strategies and participated in five RD projects, coordinating one of them. Her research interests are gender and diversity in Higher Education.

Benjamín Sarrià Chust, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Professor of the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Valencia. He has participated in 10 funded research projects; he also has been secretary and director of the Department of Pharmacology and he is currently the coordinator of the third year of the degree of Medicine. He is the author of more than fifty publications on Pharmacology, about teaching and learning of this subject. He won the Prize of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Valencia.

Amparo Benavent Garcés , Universidad de Valencia (España)

Professor at the Universitat de València, PhD in Nursing. She is recently retired. She has collaborated in three RD projects, two of them focused on teaching and learning at the university. She is co-author of five books, four of them on theoretical foundations of nursing and nursing methodology and one of them on teaching methodologies at the university level. She has several publications related to nursing ethics.

Maria Àngels Cebrià i Iranzo, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Professor of the Department of Physiotherapy at the University of Valencia. She also works at the Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe in Valencia where she combines her care taks with teaching and research. She has coordinated several projects of educational innovation in the degree in Physiotherapy and has collaborated in two research projects on teaching-learning at the University, funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport.

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