Eficacia de las diferentes modalidades de ejercicio terapéutico en rehabilitación cardiaca tras infarto de miocardio. Revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1021Palabras clave:
Ejercicio terapéutico, Infarto de miocardio, Fisioterapia, Enfermedad cardiovascular, RehabilitaciónResumen
Esta revisión valoró la eficacia de diferentes modalidades de ejercicio terapéutico en la rehabilitación tras un infarto agudo de miocardio. Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios controlados aleatorizados publicados entre 2016 y 2021 en Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science y Cochrane Library, utilizando los términos MeSH “exercise therapy” y “myocardial infarction”. Tras aplicar los criterios de selección, se incluyeron diez artículos que utilizaron programas combinados o tradicionales, realizados en el hogar o en el ámbito hospitalario, y que incluyeron entrenamiento de relajación. Se analizaron las variables tolerancia al ejercicio, parámetros cardiovasculares, medidas antropométricas y calidad de vida. En la mayoría de estudios se observaron mejoras significativas en estas variables. Se concluye que todas las modalidades de ejercicio terapéutico estudiadas son útiles en la rehabilitación cardiaca de los pacientes tras infarto de miocardio, y la modalidad que mejores resultados obtiene es el uso de programas combinados de ejercicio terapéutico.
Descargas
Citas
Yang Y, Gao S, Fang Q, Zhu M. Efficacy and safety of Shexiang Baoxin Pill combined with Western medicine in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: A single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 22 de enero de 2021;100(3):e24246. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000024246
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 27 de noviembre de 2007;50(22):2173-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.011
Bernal JL, Barrabés JA, Íñiguez A, Fernández-Ortiz A, Fernández-Pérez C, Bardají A, et al. Datos clínicos y administrativos en la investigación de resultados del síndrome coronario agudo en España. Validez del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos. Rev Esp Cardiol. 1 de enero de 2019;72(1):56-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2018.01.007
Pechlivanis S, Lehmann N, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel K-H, Erbel R, et al. Risk prediction for coronary heart disease by a genetic risk score - results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. BMC Med Genet. 10 de septiembre de 2020;21(1):178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12881-020-01113-y
Pujalte MF, Richart-Martínez M, Perpiñá-Galvañ J. Análisis de la efectividad de la rehabilitación cardíaca en España: una revisión sistemática exploratoria. An Sist Sanit Navar 2022; 45: e0981. https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0991
Birtwistle SB, Jones I, Murphy R, Gee I, Watson PM. Family support for physical activity post-myocardial infarction: A qualitative study exploring the perceptions of cardiac rehabilitation practitioners. Nurs Health Sci. Marzo de 2021;23(1):227-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12806
El Missiri A, Amin SA, Tawfik IR, Shabana AM. Effect of a 6-week and 12-week cardiac rehabilitation program on heart rate recovery. Egypt Heart J EHJ Off Bull Egypt Soc Cardiol. 14 de octubre de 2020;72(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43044-020-00107-8
Chowdhury MA, Sholl HK, Sharrett MS, Haller ST, Cooper CC, Gupta R, et al. Exercise and cardioprotection: a natural defense against lethal myocardial ischemia– reperfusion injury and potential guide to cardiovascular prophylaxis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. Enero de 2019;24(1):18-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074248418788575
Yang Y, Sun L, Feng W, Sun D. Observation of the effect of a 7-day gradual early functional exercise program in middle-aged and young patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention. Ann Palliat Med. Enero de 2021;10(1):25865-25265. https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-20-2243
Xing Y, Yang S-D, Wang M-M, Feng Y-S, Dong F, Zhang F. The beneficial role of exercise training for myocardial infarction treatment in elderly. Front Physiol. 2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00270
Mitchell BL, Lock MJ, Davison K, Parfitt G, Buckley JP, Eston RG. What is the effect of aerobic exercise intensity on cardiorespiratory fitness in those undergoing cardiac rehabilitation? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. Noviembre de 2019;53(21):1341-51. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099153
Santiago de Araújo Pio C, Chaves GS, Davies P, Taylor RS, Grace SL. Interventions to promote patient utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 1 de febrero de 2019;2:CD007131. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007131.pub4
Palacios MA, Gómez RCO, Huaricancha ILT, Hilario C. Análisis crítico de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: Riesgo de sesgo. Rev. Estomatol. Herediana.2015; 25: 304-308. http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1019-43552015000400008
Kurzaj M, Dziubek W, Porębska M, Rożek-Piechura K. Can Inspiratory Muscle Training Improve Exercise Tolerance and Lower Limb Function After Myocardial Infarction? Med Sci Monit. 12 de julio de 2019;25:5159-69. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.914684
Dor-Haim H, Barak S, Horowitz M, Yaakobi E, Katzburg S, Swissa M, et al. Improvement in cardiac dysfunction with a novel circuit training method combining simultaneous aerobic-resistance exercises. A randomized trial. PLOS ONE. 29 de enero de 2018;13(1):e0188551. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188551
Nowak A, Morawiec M, Gabrys T, Nowak Z, Szmatlan-Gabryś U, Salcman V. Effectiveness of Resistance Training with the Use of a Suspension System in Patients after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Enero de 2020;17(15):5419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155419
Khalid Z, Farheen H, Tariq MI, Amjad I. Effectiveness of resistance interval training versus aerobic interval training on peak oxygen uptake in patients with myocardial infarction. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69(8):1194-8.
Zhang Y, Cao H, Jiang P, Tang H. Cardiac rehabilitation in acute myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: A community-based study. Medicine (Baltimore). Febrero de 2018;97(8):e9785. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000009785
Xu L, Cai Z, Xiong M, Li Y, Li G, Deng Y, et al. Efficacy of an early home-based cardiac rehabilitation program for patients after acute myocardial infarction: A three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore). Diciembre de 2016;95(52):e5638. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005638
Ul-Haq Z, Khan D, Hisam A, Yousafzai YM, Hafeez S, Zulfiqar F, et al. Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation on health-related quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction in Pakistan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2019;29(9):803-9. https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2019.09.803
Bravo-Escobar R, Gonzalez-Represas A, Maria Gomez-Gonzalez A, Montiel-Trujillo A, Aguilar-Jimenez R, Carrasco-Ruiz R, et al. Effectiveness and safety of a home-based cardiac rehabilitation programme of mixed surveillance in patients with ischemic heart disease at moderate cardiovascular risk: A randomised, controlled clinical trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 20 de febrero de 2017;17:66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-017-0499-0
Mahmoodi M, Mahmoodi-Shan GR, Kamkar MZ, Behnampour N, Dabirian M. Impact of relaxation training and exercise on quality of life in post-myocardial infarction patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Evid-Based Care. 2018;8(3):75- 80.
Noites A, Freitas CP, Pinto J, Melo C, Vieira Á, Albuquerque A, et al. Effects of a phase IV home-based cardiac rehabilitation program on cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Heart Lung Circ. 1 de mayo de 2017;26(5):455-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2016.08.004
Kendall JM. Designing a research project: randomised controlled trials and their principles. Emerg Med J EMJ. Marzo de 2003;20(2):164-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.20.2.164
Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. Agosto de 2003;83(8):713-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713
Marrugat J, Sala J, Aboal J. Epidemiología de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la mujer. Rev Esp Cardiol. 1 de marzo de 2006;59(3):264-74. https://doi.org/10.1157/13086084
Millett ERC, Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex differences in risk factors for myocardial infarction: cohort study of UK Biobank participants. BMJ. 7 de noviembre de 2018;363:k4247. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k4247
Sharif Nia H, Sivarajan-Froelicher E, Haghdoost AA, Moosazadeh M, Huak-Chan Y, Farsavian AA, et al. The estimate of average age at the onset of acute myocardial infarction in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. ARYA Atheroscler. Septiembre de 2018;14(5):225-32. https://doi.org/10.22122/arya.v14i5.1739
De Luca L, Marini M, Gonzini L, Boccanelli A, Casella G, Chiarella F, et al. Contemporary trends and age‐specific sex differences in management and outcome for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc
Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis. 23 de noviembre de 2016;5(12):e004202. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.004202
Koek HL, de Bruin A, Gast A, Gevers E, Kardaun JWPF, Reitsma JB, et al. Incidence of first acute myocardial infarction in the Netherlands. Neth J Med. Diciembre de 2007;65(11):434-41.
Joshi P, Islam S, Pais P, Reddy S, Dorairaj P, Kazmi K, et al. Risk factors for early myocardial infarction in South Asians compared with individuals in other countries. JAMA. 17 de enero de 2007;297(3):286-94. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.3.286
Thomsen M, Nordestgaard BG. Myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease in overweight and obesity with and without metabolic syndrome. JAMA Intern Med. 1 de enero de 2014;174(1):15. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.10522
Agra Bermejo R, Cordero A, García-Acuña JM, Gómez Otero I, Varela Román A, Martínez Á, et al. Determinants and prognostic impact of heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction in acute coronary syndrome settings. Rev Esp Cardiol Engl Ed. 1 de octubre de 2018;71(10):820-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2017.10.030
Maroto Montero JM, coordinador. Rehabilitación cardíaca. Madrid: Acción Médica, 2009. https://secardiologia.es/images/publicaciones/libros/rehabilitacion-cardiaca.pdf
Gallagher A, Lucas R, Cowie M. 39 Does NYHA class predict health-related quality of life? Annual Conference of the British-Cardiovascular Society, Manchester, June 2018. Heart. 2018;104(Suppl 6): A37. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-BCS.39
McMahon SR, Ades PA, Thompson PD. The role of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. Agosto de 2017;27(6):420-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2017.02.005
Ozaki H, Loenneke J, Thiebaud R, Abe T. Resistance training induced increase in VO2max in young and older subjects. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 1 de octubre de 2013;10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-013-0120-1
Shvartz E, Reibold RC. Aerobic fitness norms for males and females aged 6 to 75 years: a review. Aviat Space Environ Med. Enero de 1990;61(1):3-11.
Matsui Y, Ishikawa J, Eguchi K, Shibasaki S, Shimada K, Kario K. Maximum Value of Home Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 1 de junio de 2011;57(6):1087-93. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.171645
Hussein N, Thomas M, Prince D, Zohman L and Czojowski P. Effect of combined resistive and aerobic exercise versus aerobic exercise alone on coronary risk factors in obese coronary patients. J Clin Exp Cardiol 2015; 6: 2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9880.1000361
Arthur HM, Gunn E, Thorpe KE, Ginis KM, Mataseje L, McCartney N, et al. Effect of aerobic vs combined aerobic-strength training on 1-year, post-cardiac rehabilitation outcomes in women after a cardiac event. J Rehabil Med. Noviembre de 2007;39(9):730-5. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0122
Gomes-Neto M, Durães AR, Conceição LSR, Roever L, Silva CM, Alves IGN, et al. Effect of combined aerobic and resistance training on peak oxygen consumption, muscle strength and health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 15 de octubre de 2019;293:165-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.02.050
Cheetham C, Green D, Collis J, Dembo L, O’Driscoll G. Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on central hemodynamic responses in severe chronic heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002;93:175-180. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01240.2001
Rodríguez CR, Magaña RN, Carmona EE, Góngora SD. Perfil lipídico y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes geriátricos. Santiago de Cuba. 2010-2011. Gaceta Médica Espirituana 2012;14(2):7. http://revgmespirituana.sld.cu/index.php/gme/article/view/153/118
Oriol Torón PÁ, Badía Farré T, Romaguera Lliso A. Control lipídico y factores de riesgo asociados, antes del padecimiento del primer evento cardiovascular. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2019;31(4):141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2018.12.002
Cahalin LP, Arena R, Guazzi M, Myers J, Cipriano G, Chiappa G, et al. Inspiratory muscle training in heart disease and heart failure: a review of the literature with a focus on method of training and outcomes. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013;11(2):161-77. https://doi.org/10.1586/erc.12.191
Chung Y, Huang T-Y, Liao Y-H, Kuo Y-C. 12-Week inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength in adult patients with stable asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 22 de marzo de 2021;18(6):3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063267
Kwekkeboom KL, Bratzke LC. A Systematic review of relaxation, meditation, and guided imagery strategies for symptom management in heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs. Octubre de 2016;31(5):457-68. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000274
Dehdari T, Heidarnia A, Ramezankhani A, Sadeghian S, Ghofranipour F. Effects of progressive muscular relaxation training on quality of life in anxious patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Indian J Med Res. Mayo de 2009;129(5):603-8
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
La revista Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra es publicada por el Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra (España), quien conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright ) sobre el artículo publicado y favorece y permite la difusión del mismo bajo licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0). Esta licencia permite copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente el artículo, siempre que siempre que se cite la autoría y la publicación inicial en Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, y se distinga la existencia de esta licencia de uso.
