Trabajo nocturno por turnos y el riesgo de cáncer de mama y próstata: actualizando la evidencia a partir de estudios epidemiológicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0307Palabras clave:
Cáncer de mama. Cáncer de próstata. Trabajo por turnos. Disrupción circadiana. Exposición a luz durante la noche.Resumen
Se ha formulado la hipótesis de que la disrupción circadiana está relacionada con un mayor riesgo de cáncer. Desde que la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer clasificó la disrupción circadiana asociada al trabajo por turnos como “probablemente carcinógeno para los humanos” (Grupo 2A) se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios para confirmar o rechazar esta hipótesis. Por esa razón, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la posible asociación entre el trabajo nocturno por turnos y el riesgo de cáncer de mama o próstata.
Se incluyeron treinta y tres estudios epidemiológicos sobre la relación entre el riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama (n = 26) o próstata (n = 8) y el trabajo nocturno; un estudio evaluó ambas localizaciones. El riesgo de sesgo de los artículos se evaluó mediante la escala Newcastle-Ottawa. Los estudios incluidos en esta revisión fueron heterogéneos respecto a población incluida (población general, enfermeras a turnos, y otros), medida de la exposición a trabajo nocturno (siempre vs nunca, a corto vs largo plazo, a turnos o fijo) y, por tanto, los hallazgos fueron variados incluso para el mismo tipo de cáncer. En resumen, un 62,5% de los estudios encontraron asociación entre el trabajo nocturno y el riesgo aumentado de padecer cáncer, tanto de mama como de próstata. El riesgo de sesgo medio fue de 7,5 estrellas sobre 9. Debido a las limitaciones inherentes a estos estudios, la evidencia de una posible asociación entre el trabajo nocturno y el riesgo de cáncer de mama o próstata sigue siendo incierta, por lo que se requieren más estudios epidemiológicos con mayor control de la exposición y de los factores de confusión. No obstante, parece aconsejable la aplicación del principio de precaución.
Descargas
Citas
YONG M, NASTERLACK M. Shift work and cancer: state of science and practical consequences. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2012; 63: 153-60.
JEMAL A, BRAY F, CENTER MM, FERLAY J, WARD E, FORMAN D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 69-90.
WHO. WHO | Cancer Who. 2015. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/. Accessed 2017 Jun 7.
WHO. Globocan 2012 - Home. http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx. Accessed 2017 Nov 23.
PARKIN DM, BOYD L, WALKER LC. The fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011; 105 Suppl: S77-81.
SCHÜZ J, ESPINA C, VILLAIN P, HERRERO R, LEON ME, MINOZZI S et al. European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: 12 ways to reduce your cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39: S1-10.
BLASK DE, HILL SM, DAUCHY RT, XIANG S, YUAN L, DUPLESSIS T et al. Circadian regulation of molecular, dietary, and metabolic signaling mechanisms of human breast cancer growth by the nocturnal melatonin signal and the consequences of its disruption by light at night. J Pineal Res 2011; 51: 259-269.
BLASK DE, DAUCHY RT, BRAINARD GC, HANIFIN JP. Circadian stage-dependent inhibition of human breast cancer metabolism and growth by the nocturnal melatonin signal: consequences of its disruption by light at night in rats and women. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 8: 347-353.
BLASK DE, BRAINARD GC, DAUCHY RT, HANIFIN JP, DAVIDSON LK, KRAUSE JA et al. Melatonin-depleted blood from premenopausal women exposed to light at night stimulates growth of human breast cancer xenografts in nude rats. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 11174-11184.
KOLSTAD HA. Nightshift work and risk of breast cancer and other cancers--a critical review of the epidemiologic evidence. Scand J Work Env Heal 2008; 34: 5-22.
STRAIF K, BAAN R, GROSSE Y, SECRETAN B, EL GHISSASSI F, BOUVARD V et al. Carcinogenicity of shift-work, painting, and fire-fighting. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8: 1065-1066.
KAMDAR BB, TERGAS AI, MATEEN FJ, BHAYANI NH, OH J. Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138: 291-301.
HANSEN J. Risk of breast cancer after night- and shift work: Current evidence and ongoing studies in Denmark. Cancer Causes Control 2006; 17: 531-537.
REED VA. Shift work, light at night, and the risk of breast cancer. AAOHN J 2011; 59: 37-45; quiz 46.
STEVENS RG, HANSEN J, COSTA G, HAUS E, KAUPPINEN T, ARONSON KJ et al. Considerations of circadian impact for defining “shift work” in cancer studies: IARC Working Group Report. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68: 154-162.
FEYCHTING M, OSTERLUND B, AHLBOM A. Reduced cancer incidence among the blind. Epidemiology 1998; 9: 490-494.
TAMARKIN L, COHEN M, ROSELLE D, REICHERT C, LIPPMAN M, CHABNER B. Melatonin inhibition and pinealectomy enhancement of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in the rat. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 4432-4436.
HADDADI GH, FARDID R. Oral administration of melatonin modulates the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene in irradiated rat cervical spinal cord. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2015; 20: 123-127.
FERREIRA GM, MARTINEZ M, CAMARGO ICC, DOMENICONI RF, MARTINEZ FE, DE ALMEIDA CHUFFA LG. Melatonin attenuates Her-2, p38 MAPK, p-AKT, and mTOR levels in ovarian carcinoma of ethanol-preferring rats. J Cancer 2014; 5: 728-735.
ORENDÁŠ P, KUBATKA P, BOJKOVÁ B, KASSAYOVÁ M, KAJO K, VÝBOHOVÁ D et al. Melatonin potentiates the anti-tumour effect of pravastatin in rat mammary gland carcinoma model. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95: 401-410.
VISWANATHAN AN, SCHERNHAMMER ES. Circulating melatonin and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer in women. Cancer Lett 2009; 281: 1-7.
COS S, FERNÁNDEZ R, GÜÉZMES A, SÁNCHEZ-BARCELÓ EJ. Influence of melatonin on invasive and metastatic properties of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 4383-4390.
VISWANATHAN AN, HANKINSON SE, SCHERNHAMMER ES. Night shift work and the risk of endometrial cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 10618-10622.
DAVIS S, MIRICK DK. Circadian disruption, shift work and the risk of cancer: A summary of the evidence and studies in Seattle. Cancer Causes Control 2006; 17: 539-545.
CZEISLER CA, KLERMAN EB. Circadian and sleep-dependent regulation of hormone release in humans. Recent Prog Horm Res 1999; 54: 97-130; discussion 130-132.
CZEISLER CA, ALLAN JS, STROGATZ SH, RONDA JM, SANCHEZ R, RIOS CD et al. Bright light resets the human circadian pacemaker independent of the timing of the sleep-wake cycle. Science 1986; 233: 667-671.
REFINETTI R, MENAKER M. The circadian rhythm of body temperature. Physiol Behav 1992; 51: 613-637.
BRZEZINSKI A. Melatonin in humans. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 186-195.
HE C, ANAND ST, EBELL MH, VENA JE, ROBB SW. Circadian disrupting exposures and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88: 533-547.
WANG F, YEUNG KL, CHAN WC, KWOK CCH, LEUNG SL, WU C et al. A meta-analysis on dose-response relationship between night shift work and the risk of breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24: 2724-2732.
SIGURDARDOTTIR LG, VALDIMARSDOTTIR UA, FALL K, RIDER JR, LOCKLEY SW, SCHERNHAMMER E et al. Circadian disruption, sleep loss, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21: 1002-1011.
WELLS G, B S, O’CONNELL D, PETERSON J, WELCH V, LOSOS M et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2000. Available from: http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
WEGRZYN LR, TAMIMI RM, ROSNER BA, BROWN SB, STEVENS RG, ELIASSEN AH et al. Rotating Night-Shift Work and the Risk of Breast Cancer in the Nurses’ Health Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186: 532-540.
VISTISEN HT, GARDE AH, FRYDENBERG M, CHRISTIANSEN P, HANSEN ÃM, ANDERSEN J et al. Short-term effects of night shift work on breast cancer risk: a cohort study of payroll data. Scand J Work Environ Health 2017; 43: 59-67.
RABSTEIN S, HARTH V, PESCH B, PALLAPIES D, LOTZ A, JUSTENHOVEN C et al. Night work and breast cancer estrogen receptor status - Results from the German GENICA study. Scand J Work Environ Heal 2013; 39: 448-455.
ÅKERSTEDT T, KNUTSSON A, NARUSYTE J, SVEDBERG P, KECKLUND G, ALEXANDERSON K. Night work and breast cancer in women: a Swedish cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e008127; doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008127.
SCHERNHAMMER ES, KROENKE CH, LADEN F, HANKINSON SE. Night work and risk of breast cancer. Epidemiology 2006; 17: 108-111.
PRONK A, JI BT, SHU XO, XUE S, YANG G, LI HL et al. Night-shift work and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Chinese women. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171: 953-959.
WANG P, REN F-MM, LIN Y, SU F-XX, JIA W-HH, SU X-FF et al. Night-shift work, sleep duration, daytime napping, and breast cancer risk. Sleep Med 2015; 16: 462-468.
SCHERNHAMMER ES, LADEN F, SPEIZER FE, WILLETT WC, HUNTER DJ, KAWACHI I et al. Rotating Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Participating in the Nurses’ Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 1563-1568.
LI W, RAY RM, THOMAS DB, DAVIS S, YOST M, BRESLOW N et al. Shift work and breast cancer among women textile workers in Shanghai, China. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26: 143-150.
O’LEARY ES, SCHOENFELD ER, STEVENS RG, KABAT GC, HENDERSON K, GRIMSON R et al. Shift work, light at night, and breast cancer on Long Island, New York. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164: 358-366.
SCHERNHAMMER ES, HANKINSON SE. Urinary melatonin levels and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97: 1084-1087.
FRITSCHI L, ERREN TC, GLASS DC, GIRSCHIK J, THOMSON AK, SAUNDERS C et al. The association between different night shiftwork factors and breast cancer: a case–control study. Br J Cancer 2013; 109: 2472-2480.
BEHRENS T, RABSTEIN S, WICHERT K, ERBEL R, EISELE L, ARENDT M et al. Shift work and the incidence of prostate cancer: a 10-year follow-up of a German population-based cohort study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2017; 43: 560-568.
LIE JAS, ROESSINK J, KJÆRHEIM K. Breast cancer and night work among Norwegian nurses. Cancer Causes Control 2006; 17: 39-44.
MENEGAUX F, TRUONG T, ANGER A, CORDINA-DUVERGER E, LAMKARKACH F, ARVEUX P et al. Night work and breast cancer: A population-based case-control study in France (the CECILE study). Int J Cancer 2012; 132: 924-931.
HANSEN J. Increased Breast Cancer Risk among Women Who Work Predominantly at Night. Epidemiology 2001; 12: 74-77.
LIE JAS, KJUUS H, ZIENOLDDINY S, HAUGEN A, STEVENS RG, KJÆRHEIM K. Night work and breast cancer risk among Norwegian nurses: Assessment by different exposure metrics. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173: 1272-1279.
DICKERMAN BA, MARKT SC, KOSKENVUO M, HUBLIN C, PUKKALA E, MUCCI LA et al. Sleep disruption, chronotype, shift work, and prostate cancer risk and mortality: a 30-year prospective cohort study of Finnish twins. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27: 1-10.
KUBO T, OYAMA I, NAKAMURA T, KUNIMOTO M, KADOWAKI K, OTOMO H et al. Industry-based retrospective cohort study of the risk of prostate cancer among rotating-shift workers. Int J Urol 2011; 18: 206-211.
KUBO T, OZASA K, MIKAMI K, WAKAI K, FUJINO Y, WATANABE Y et al. Prospective cohort study of the risk of prostate cancer among rotating-shift workers: Findings from the Japan collaborative cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164: 549-555.
PAPANTONIOU K, CASTAÑO-VINYALS G, ESPINOSA A, ARAGONÉS N, PÉREZ-GÓMEZ B, BURGOS J et al. Night shift work, chronotype and prostate cancer risk in the MCC-Spain case-control study. Int J Cancer 2015; 137: 1147-1157.
TRAVIS RC, BALKWILL A, FENSOM GK, APPLEBY PN, REEVES GK, WANG X-S et al. night shift work and breast cancer incidence: three prospective studies and meta-analysis of published studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108; doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw169.
PAPANTONIOU K, CASTAÑO-VINYALS G, ESPINOSA A, ARAGONÉS N, PÉREZ-GÓMEZ B, ARDANAZ E et al. Breast cancer risk and night shift work in a case-control study in a Spanish population. Eur J Epidemiol 2016; 31: 867-878.
ÅKERSTEDT T, NARUSYTE J, SVEDBERG P, KECKLUND G, ALEXANDERSON K. Night work and prostate cancer in men: A Swedish prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7: 015751; doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015751.
KOPPES LLJ, GEUSKENS GA, PRONK A, VERMEULEN RCH, DE VROOME EMM. Night work and breast cancer risk in a general population prospective cohort study in the Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol 2014; 29: 577-584.
PARENT M-ÉÉ, EL-ZEIN M, ROUSSEAU M-CC, PINTOS J, SIEMIATYCKI J. Night work and the risk of cancer among men. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176: 751-759.
SCHWARTZBAUM J, AHLBOM A, FEYCHTING M. Cohort study of cancer risk among male and female shift workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2007; 33: 336-343.
KNUTSSON A, ALFREDSSON L, KARLSSON B, ÅKERSTEDT T, FRANSSON EI, WESTERHOLM P et al. Breast cancer among shift workers: Results of the WOLF longitudinal cohort study. Scand J Work Environ Heal 2013; 39: 170-177.
HANSEN J, STEVENS RG. Case-control study of shift-work and breast cancer risk in Danish nurses: Impact of shift systems. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48: 1722-1729.
GRUNDY A, RICHARDSON H, BURSTYN I, LOHRISCH C, SENGUPTA SK, LAI AS et al. Increased risk of breast cancer associated with long-term shift work in Canada. Occup Environ Med 2013; 70: 1-8.
HANSEN J, LASSEN CF. Nested case-control study of night shift work and breast cancer risk among women in the Danish military. Occup Environ Med 2012; 69: 551-556.
DAVIS S, MIRICK DK, STEVENS RG. Night shift work, light at night, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 1557-1562.
PESCH B, HARTH V, RABSTEIN S, BAISCH C, SCHIFFERMANN M, PALLAPIES D et al. Night work and breast cancer - Results from the German GENICA study. Scand J Work Environ Heal 2010; 36: 134-141.
POOLE EM, SCHERNHAMMER E, MILLS L, HANKINSON SE, TWOROGER SS. Urinary melatonin and risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26: 1501-1506.
POOLE EM, SCHERNHAMMER ES, TWOROGER SS. Rotating night shift work and risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20: 934-938.
STEVENS RG. Electric power use and breast cancer: a hypothesis. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125: 556-561.
RAMIN C, DEVORE EE, WANG W, PIERRE-PAUL J, WEGRZYN LR, SCHERNHAMMER ES. Night shift work at specific age ranges and chronic disease risk factors. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 100-107.
GARDE AH, HANSEN J, KOLSTAD HA, LARSEN AD, HANSEN ÅM. How do different definitions of night shift affect the exposure assessment of night work? Chronobiol Int 2016; 33: 595-598.
KLOOG I, HAIM A, STEVENS RG, PORTNOV BA. Global co-distribution of light at night (LAN) and cancers of prostate, colon, and lung in men. Chronobiol Int 2009; 26: 108-125.
LI Q, ZHENG T, HOLFORD TR, BOYLE P, ZHANG Y, DAI M. Light at night and breast cancer risk: results from a population-based case-control study in Connecticut, USA. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21: 2281-2285.
HURLEY S, GOLDBERG D, NELSON D, HERTZ A, HORN-ROSS PL, BERNSTEIN L et al. Light at night and breast cancer risk among California teachers. Epidemiology 2014; 25: 697-706.
STEVENS RG. Light-at-night, circadian disruption and breast cancer: Assessment of existing evidence. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38: 963-970.
DICKERMAN B, LIU J. Does current scientific evidence support a link between light at night and breast cancer among female night-shift nurses? Review of evidence and implications for occupational and environmental health nurses. Workplace Health Saf 2012; 60: 273-281; quiz 282.
ZIENOLDDINY S, HAUGEN A, LIE J-AS, KJUUS H, ANMARKRUD KH, KJAERHEIM K. Analysis of polymorphisms in the circadian-related genes and breast cancer risk in Norwegian nurses working night shifts. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15: R53.
MONSEES GM, KRAFT P, HANKINSON SE, HUNTER DJ, SCHERNHAMMER ES. Circadian genes and breast cancer susceptibility in rotating shift workers. Int J Cancer 2012; 131: 2547-2552.
TRUONG T, LIQUET B, MENEGAUX F, PLANCOULAINE S, LAURENT-PUIG P, MULOT C et al. Breast cancer risk, nightwork, and circadian clock gene polymorphisms. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21: 629-638.
LAHTI TA, PARTONEN T, KYYRÖNEN P, KAUPPINEN T, PUKKALA E. Night-time work predisposes to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 123: 2148-2151.
SCHERNHAMMER ES, FESKANICH D, LIANG G, HAN J. Rotating night-shift work and lung cancer risk among female nurses in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178: 1434-1441.
MEGDAL SP, KROENKE CH, LADEN F, PUKKALA E, SCHERNHAMMER ES. Night work and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 2023-2032.
HANSEN J. Night Shift Work and Risk of Breast Cancer. Curr Environ Heal Reports 2017; 4: 325-339.
KELSEY JL, GAMMON MD, JOHN EM. Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15: 36-47.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2018 Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
La revista Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra es publicada por el Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra (España), quien conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright ) sobre el artículo publicado y favorece y permite la difusión del mismo bajo licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0). Esta licencia permite copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente el artículo, siempre que siempre que se cite la autoría y la publicación inicial en Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, y se distinga la existencia de esta licencia de uso.