Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza basado en ejercicios de plancha sobre la activación muscular en pacientes con COVID persistente: serie de casos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1083Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Terapia por Ejercicio, Rehabilitación, Fuerza muscularResumen
Fundamento. Analizar los efectos de un programa de fuerza basado en ejercicios de planchas abdominales sobre la activación muscular en pacientes con COVID persistente (CP).
Sujetos y métodos. Serie de casos de pacientes con CP que realizaron un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza de los músculos del tronco y la pelvis durante doce semanas. Se midió la fatiga mediante la Escala de Impacto de Fatiga Modificada (MFIS) y se recogieron variables clínicas. El porcentaje de activación muscular durante una plancha de músculos centrales se midió mediante electromiografía de superficie, se comparó antes y después de la intervención mediante Wilcoxon y se evaluó el tamaño del efecto (TE) mediante la d de Cohen.
Resultados. Participaron 21 sujetos, 81% mujeres, con edad media 47,5 años (rango: 28-55), mediana del tiempo con síntomas 21 meses (rango: 5-24) y 90,5% con fatiga (puntuación MFIS ≥38). El porcentaje de activación muscular durante el ejercicio de plancha mejoró después de la intervención para todos los músculos, pero fue significativamente mayor para el oblicuo externo izquierdo (p=0,011, TE medio) y derecho (p=0,039, TE pequeño) y para el dorsal ancho derecho (p=0,039, TE pequeño). Se observó una reducción significativa de la fatiga en la puntuación total de MFIS (p=0,004, TE medio) y en las subescalas física (p<0,001, TE grande) y psicosocial (p=0,033, TE pequeño).
Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que el programa de entrenamiento de fuerza basado en ejercicios de plancha podría ser beneficioso para mejorar la activación de los músculos de tronco y pelvis en personas con CP.
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