The 1712 El Charco eruption (Cumbre Vieja, La Palma). New petrographic and mineralogical contributions.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55407/geogaceta113361Keywords:
Cumbre Vieja (La Palma), historical eruptions, mineral chemistry, magmatic processes, petrologyAbstract
The 1712 El Charco volcanic eruption is one of the least known among the eight historical eruptions occurred on La Palma Island. The eruption showed a strombolian eruptive style, with some hydromagmatic phases, and included the opening of multiple effusive vents along a NW-SE fracture spanning 3 km in length. Two petrological types were emitted during the eruption: first, pyroxene-amphibole tephrites, followed by pyroxene-olivine basanites. The studied rocks of El Charco eruption show mainly mafic minerals: diopside, forsterite-rich olivine and kaersutite. Labradorite is the only felsic mineral, together with scarce macrocrystals of andesine. Fe-Ti oxides generally belong to the magnetite-ulvospinel series. The fractionation of olivine seems to be the mechanism responsible for the evolution of basanitic magmas to tephritic magmas. The large number of clinopyroxenes (together with some olivines) showing reverse zoning patterns, as well as the disequilibrium textures observed in some olivines and amphiboles, suggest that mixing processes occurred between tephritic and basanitic magmas during this eruption. This magma mixing may have been the triggering mechanism for the volcanic eruption, as has been also proposed for the recent 2021 eruption in La Palma Island.
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