Analyse des simulations virtuelles dans l’optique du modèle TPACK
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Résumé
INTRODUCTION. Ces dernières années les simulations virtuelles (SV) ont accru leur présence en tant qu’outils de formation dans l’enseignement supérieur. Celles ont été consolidées à la suite de la COVID-19 comme outils puissants permettant de surmonter un bon nombre de limites rencontrées dans les salles de simulation présentielles, notamment son coût élevé et sa faible reproductibilité. Toutefois, peu d’études ont abordé l’utilisation du modèle TPACK pour l’analyse de la SV. MÉTHODE. Dans cet article, une revue systématique de la littérature est réalisée dans le but d’analyser les caractéristiques des SV mises en oeuvre dans l’enseignement supérieur dans l’optique du modèle TPACK au cours de la décennie 2012-2022. RÉSULTATS. Parmi les résultats constatés, on s’aperçoit de l’utilisation généralisé des SV dans le domaine de la santé, en particulier sur le continent américain (États-Unis et Canada); les environnements de simulation 2D en ligne accessibles par ordinateur comme caractéristique technologique le plu habituelle dans les SV ; ainsi que l’appel aux théories de l’apprentissage expérientiel, de l’apprentissage situé et de l’apprentissage par problèmes comme leur justification pédagogique. DISCUSSION. On peut observer une série de relations entre les caractéristiques technologiques, les caractéristiques pédagogiques et celles de contenu des SV qui nous aident à mieux comprendre cet outil de plus en plus utilisé dans le domaine de la santé. En outre, il met en évidence, d’une part, la rareté des articles décrivant l’utilisation des SV conformément aux exigences du TPACK et, d’une autre part, l’adéquation et la faisabilité de ce modèle tant pour l’analyse que pour le développement des SV.
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