Un análisis de las simulaciones virtuales desde la óptica del modelo TPACK
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INTRODUCCIÓN. Las simulaciones virtuales (SV) han aumentado su presencia como herramientas formativas en educación superior en los últimos años, y se han consolidado, a raíz del COVID-19, como una potente herramienta que permite suplir muchas de las limitaciones que se encuentran en las salas de simulación presenciales, como son el elevado coste y la baja replicabilidad. Ahora bien, pocos estudios han abordado el uso de modelos como el TPACK para el análisis de SV. MÉTODO. En este artículo se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura con el objetivo de analizar las características de las SV implementadas en educación superior durante la década 2012-2022 desde la óptica del modelo TPACK. RESULTADOS. Entre los resultados encontrados destacan el gran uso de SV en el área de la salud, y en especial en el continente americano (Estados Unidos y Canadá); los entornos de simulación 2D online con acceso a través del ordenador como las características tecnológicas más comunes de las SV; y la recurrencia a las teorías del Aprendizaje experiencial, Aprendizaje situado y el Aprendizaje basado en problemas como sus principales justificaciones pedagógicas. DISCUSIÓN. Se aprecian una serie de relaciones entre las características tecnológicas, pedagógicas y de contenido de las SV que nos ayudan a comprender mejor esta herramienta en creciente uso, en especial en el área de la salud. Además, destaca, por un lado, la escasez de artículos que propiamente describen el uso de SV de acuerdo a los requerimientos del TPACK, y, por otro, la adecuación y viabilidad de dicho modelo tanto para el análisis como el desarrollo de SV.
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