Diversidad y secularización en Europa. Análisis de la correlación entre los índices de religiosidad y diversidad cultural en Europa

Autores/as

  • Jorge Botelho Moniz Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2019.37

Palabras clave:

ecularización, diversidad cultural, índice, religiosidad, Europa

Resumen

La rápida globalización de la segunda mitad del siglo xx y el advenimiento de nuevas tendencias demográficas y migratorias han despertado el in-terés de las ciencias sociales por la creciente com-plejidad de las dinámicas culturales regionales. Los científicos sociales han comenzado a asociar la diversidad cultural con la modernidad, entendién-dola como una condición ineludible y perenne de las sociedades modernas que afecta y se ve afec-tada por los fenómenos religiosos. Sin embargo, se han realizado pocas investigaciones empíricas sistemáticas y profundas para evaluar estas afir-maciones. Por tanto, nuestro artículo presenta la formulación de un índice de diversidad (variable independiente)  basado  en  cuatro  dimensiones:  lingüística, étnica, religiosa y lugar de nacimiento, que se correlaciona con una variable (dependiente) de la religiosidad individual. 

Citas

Alemu, A. (2016). The Impacts of Ethnic, Linguistic and Religious Fractionalization on State Fragility in Africa. Journal of Marketing & Management, 7(2), 47-66.

Alesina, A., et al. (2003). Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth, 8(2), 155-194.

______, Harnoss, J., Rapoport, H. (2016). Birthplace diversity and economic prosperity. Journal of Economic Growth, 21(2), 101-138.

Beckford, J. (2003). Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bellah, R. (1964). Religious evolution. American Sociological Review, 29(3), 358-374

Berger, P. L. (1990 [1967]). The sacred canopy: Elements of a sociological theory of religion. Ney York: Anchor Books.

______ (2014). The Many Altars of Modernity: Toward a Paradigm for Religion in a Pluralist Age. Boston/Berlim: De Gruyter.

______, Davie, G., Fokas, E. (2008). Religious America, Secular Europe?: A Theme and Variation. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.

Casanova, J. (2007). Reconsiderar la Secularización: Una perspectiva comparada mundial. Revista Académica de Relaciones Internacionales, 7, 1-20.

Crystal, D. (2002). Language Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dohse, D., Gold, R. (2013). Measuring Cultural Diversity at a Regional Level (on-line). http://www.foreurope.eu/fileadmin/documents/pdf/Workingpapers/WWWforEurope_WPS_no010_MS99.pdf. Accessed on July 12, 2019.

Doktór, T. (2009). Religious pluralism and dimensions of religiosity: evidence from the project Religious and Moral Pluralism (RAMP). In G. Pickel, O. Müller (eds.), Church and Religion in Contemporary Europe: Results from Empirical and Comparative Research (p. 25-34). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.

Erikson, R., Jonnson, J. (1999). How to ascertain the socio-structural position of the individual in society. Suggestions for the core ESS questions (on-line). https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/docs/methodology/core_ess_questionnaire/ESS_core_questionnaire_measuring_social_structure.pdf. Accessed on July 12, 2019.

Fearon, J. D. (2003). Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country. Journal of Economic Growth, 8(2), 195-222.

Gardenswartz, L., Rowe, A. (2003). Four layers of diversity (on-line). https://www.gardenswartzrowe.com/why-g-r. Accessed on July 12, 2019.

Gören, E. (2014). How Ethnic Diversity Affects Economic Growth. World Development, 59, 275-297.

Grim, B., Finke, R. (2006). International Religion Indexes: Government Regulation, Government Favoritism, and Social Regulation of Religion. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion, 2(1), 1-40.

Halikiopoulou, D. (2011). Patterns of Secularization: Church, State and Nation in Greece and the Republic of Ireland. Farnham: Ashgate.

Johnson, T., Grim, B. (2013). The World’s Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Martin, D. (2005). On Secularization: Toward a Revised General Theory. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate.

Moniz, J. B., (2016). A secularização na ultramodernidade católica européia: Uma proposta de análise contextual e multidimensional do fenômeno da secularização. Em Tese, 13(1),188-219.

______ (2018). Índice de Religiosidade: Uma proposta de teorização e medição dos fenómenos religiosos contemporâneos. Revista Brasileira de História das Religiões, 11(32), 191-219.

______ (2019). As teorias da secularização na Europa: Novas perspetivas qualitativas e quantitativas sobre os fenómenos religiosos contemporâneos. PhD dissertation in Political Science, Lisbon: NOVA University of Lisbon.

Norris, P., Inglehart, R. (2004). Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ottaviano, G., Peri, G. (2006). The economic value of cultural diversity: evidence from US cities. Journal of Economic Geography, 6(1), 9-44.

Patsiurko, N.; Campbell, J. L.; Hall, J. A. (2012). Measuring cultural diversity: ethnic, linguistic and religious fractionalization in the OECD. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(2), 195-217.

Pew Research Center (2014). Global Religious Diversity Half of the Most Religiously Diverse Countries are in Asia-Pacific Region (on-line). http://www.pewforum.org/2014/04/04/global-religious-diversity/. Accessed on July 12, 2019.

Pickel, G. (2017). Secularization – an empirically consolidated narrative in the face of an increasing influence of religion on politics. Política & Sociedade, 36(16), 259-294.

Pollack, D. (2014). Response by Detlef Pollack: Toward a new paradigm for the sociology of religion?. In P. L. Berger (aut.), The Many Altars of Modernity: Toward a Paradigm for Religion in a Pluralist Age (111-122). Boston/Berlim: De Gruyter.

______, Pickel, G. (2009). Church-State relations and the vitality of religion in European comparison. In G. Pickel, O. Müller (eds.), Church and Religion in Contemporary Europe. Results from Empirical and Comparative Research (145-166). Wiesbaden: Springer-Verlag.

Taylor, C. (2007). A Secular Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Vilaça, H. (2006). Da Torre de Babel às Terras Prometidas — Pluralismo Religioso em Portugal. Porto: Edições Afrontamento.

______, et. al. (2014). The Changing Soul of Europe Religions and Migrations in Northern and Southern Europe. Londres: Routledge.

______, Sell, C. E.; Moniz, J. B. (2017). A sociologia da religião hoje: Secularização(ões), secularismo(s) ou laicidade?. Política & Sociedade, 16(36), 7-19.

Voas, D., Crockett, A., Olson, D. (2002). Religious pluralism and participation: Why previous research is wrong. American Sociological Review, 67(2), 212-230.

Wohlrab-Sahr, M., Burchardt, M. (2017). Revisitando o secular: Secularidades múltiplas e trajetórias para a modernidade. Política & Sociedade, 16(36), 143-173.

Descargas

Publicado

2019-10-16

Cómo citar

Botelho Moniz, J. (2019). Diversidad y secularización en Europa. Análisis de la correlación entre los índices de religiosidad y diversidad cultural en Europa. Revista Española De Sociología, 28(3 - Sup2). https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2019.37