Comida barata y mal clima: del plusvalor al valor negativo en la ecología-mundo capitalista
Palabras clave:
Comida barata, ecología-mundo, acumulación, valor negativo, revoluciones agrícolasResumen
El capitalismo, entendido como una ecología-mundo ha tendido a evadir las denominadas dinámicas malthusianas a través de una increíble capacidad histórica para producir, localizar y ocupar las naturalezas baratas ajenas al sistema. En las últimas décadas esta impresionante capacidad se ha debilitado, siendo más evidente la incapacidad del capitalismo de ofrecer un nuevo y productivo modelo agrobiotecnológico. El cambio climático, como uno entre muchos otros cambios permanentes dentro de la biosfera, está ligado a la totalidad de contradicciones dentro de la agricultura neoliberal produciendo una nueva contradicción: el valor negativo. Este demuestra la emergencia de nuevas formas de naturaleza que se muestran cada vez más hostiles con la acumulación de capital y que pueden superarse solo temporalmente a través de estrategias cada vez más costosas, dañias y peligrosas. El auge del valor negativo, cuya forma de acumulación ha estado presente durante mucho tiempo en la historia del capitalismo, sugiere una importante y rápida alteración de las oportunidades de apropiación de nuevas formas de trabajo/energía no remuneradas. Estos nuevos límites son distintos cualitativamente con respecto al agotamiento de nutrientes y recursos por su agotamiento en las anteriores crisis de desarrollo dentro del modelo de comida barata de la longue durée. Estas contradicciones, dentro del capital, que emerge a través del valor negativo, incentivan un cambio sin precedente hacia ontologías políticas radicales, dentro del capitalismo como un todo que desestabiliza puntos vitales de consenso dentro del moderno sistema mundo: ¿Qué es la comida? ¿qué es la naturaleza? ¿qué tiene valor?
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