Fuentes de cambio en política exterior. Una revisión de los modelos de política exterior para los países en desarrollo
Resum
Revista CIDOB d'Afers Internacionals, nº. 69
Cuatrimestral (mayo 2005)
ISSN:1133-6595
El estudio de lo que puede denominarse reorientación de la política exterior del Estado no es un fenómeno nuevo. Los cambios de alianzas, socios económicos y actitudes ante temas internacionales, etc., se han reflejado en una multiplicidad de textos. Sin embargo, los marcos teóricos que tratan este tema como categoría de estudio en sí mismo son pocos. Superar esta situación contribuiría a identificar y comparar los cambios de actitud y discurso en las relaciones entre naciones, especialmente en el caso de los países en desarrollo, y por extensión, de sus fuentes. En este artículo se hace una revisión de diferentes modelos para el análisis de política exterior a partir del marco conceptual de Hermann (1990). Este marco sugiere la existencia de cuatro niveles graduados de cambio que permiten estudiar formas de cambio sutiles, pero importantes en política exterior; también ofrece un análisis razonado para probar la importancia relativa de sus fuentes. Este marco conceptual se puede ubicar en la división tradicional de niveles de análisis: las características del líder, proponente burocrático, ajuste interno, e impacto externo; y aunque no da una respuesta concluyente, puede ser una herramienta útil para aclarar las maneras de usar la evidencia empírica y establecer la importancia relativa de las fuentes del cambio en la orientación de la política exterior.
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