Impacto de los usos del suelo y otros parámetros sobre la presencia de microplásticos en el suelo y en el agua subterránea: una revisión crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55407/rsge.105756Palabras clave:
microplásticos, suelos, usos del suelo, agua subterránea, revisión críticaResumen
Los microplásticos (MP) constituyen una de las formas de contaminación más omnipresentes en nuestro planeta. Pese a ello, en comparación con los ecosistemas marinos, lagos o ríos, destaca la escasez de estudios que han tratado sobre su presencia en el suelo y en las aguas subterráneas. Con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de los usos del suelo y otros parámetros sobre la presencia de MP en ambos medios, se han extraído, de la revisión de 41 publicaciones, 56 casos de estudio asociados a suelos y 7 casos a aguas subterráneas. En conjunto, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de establecer una metodología estandarizada, tanto analítica como de muestreo, con el fin de poder realizar comparaciones rigurosas. Por otra parte, queda patente en la mayor parte de las publicaciones revisadas una relación entre las fuentes de contaminación (puntuales y/o difusas) asociadas a los usos del suelo y la presencia de MP, en base a su cantidad, composición química predominante, color o forma característica según el uso del suelo. Por ello, es fundamental seguir investigando sobre la presencia de MP en suelos asociados a la totalidad de usos, así como diversificar geográficamente su estudio y enfatizarlo en las aguas subterráneas.
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