Juegos y videojuegos para rehabilitación de la dislexia: fundamentación neurocognitiva y psicolingüística
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La Dislexia del desarrollo (DD) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que dificultad el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura. Su etiología neurológica y los déficits cognitivos asociados siguen siendo objeto de investigación. La tecnología ha posibilitado el desarrollo de plataformas, juegos y videojuegos (PJV) para la rehabilitación de DD. Ante la diversidad de hipótesis y enfoques terapéuticos, es conveniente conocer el estado de la cuestión, así como comprobar si los PJV responden a este conocimiento actualizado y ofrecen la información teórico-técnica necesaria para tomar decisiones terapéuticas informadas por parte del profesional. Con este objetivo, se revisan las hipótesis neurocognitivas, cognitivas y psicolingüísticas sobre la etiología de la DD y la investigación sobre las intervenciones llevadas a cabo desde cuatro niveles de intervención identificados y se realiza una revisión y análisis de los PJV disponibles en el mercado español con alguna evidencia científica publicada y orientados a la DD. Se identifican ocho: Galexia, Ubinding, Glifing, Tradislexia, GraphoGame, Jellys, DytectiveU y Minecraft. Los PJV se discuten desde el contraste con la evidencia investigadora en el campo. Se realizan recomendaciones para un major ajuste a esta evidencia. Se concluye que, a pesar de que la intervención directa del profesional sigue siendo imprescindible, las aplicaciones constituyen un refuerzo didáctico útil y motivador, aunque es conveniente disponer de información teórico-técnica detallada para personalizar la intervención desde las fortalezas y debilidades del sujeto particular y considerando, además, la existencia de distintos subtipos de DD.
Palabras clave: dislexia, videojuegos, intervención mediada por ordenador,
conciencia fonológica, psicolingüística, neuropsicología.
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