Use of artificial intelligence (AI) in manuscripts submitted to the Spanish Journal of Sociology (RES)

The Spanish Journal of Sociology (RES) establishes an artificial intelligence (AI) usage policy for scientific publications to maintain the highest standards of scientific integrity while leveraging AI systems' capabilities.

1. Purpose
This policy establishes guidelines for using artificial intelligence (AI) in scientific articles submitted to the Spanish Journal of Sociology. The objective is to promote transparency, scientific quality, and appropriate acknowledgment of all tools used in the research process and communication of results.

2. Scope
This policy applies to all authors submitting manuscripts to the Spanish Journal of Sociology (RES), regardless of submission type: article, special issue, or book review.

3. Definitions
The application of AI in research and communication of results has occurred through various systems and tools.
Generative AI: artificial intelligence systems capable of generating text, images, or other content based on patterns learned from large datasets.
AI Agents: advanced AI systems that can perform complex tasks, make autonomous decisions, and interact with the environment.
AI Tools: include, but are not limited to:
- Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, models like Llama, Mistral, and platforms using LLMs such as SciSpace, Consensus, and Elicit, among others
- Image generators
- AI agents specialized in scientific tasks or data analysis
- AI systems for experiment automation or results processing

4. Usage policy
4.1 Declaration of use
Authors must explicitly declare the use of any AI tools in their manuscript. This declaration must be included in a section titled “AI Usage Declaration” at the end of the manuscript, following the references. In this section, the authors must provide the following information:
- Name and version of AI tools used
- Brief description of how AI was used, for example, to generate portions of text, assist in literature review, edit and revise drafts, analyze data, translate, or other functions

4.2 Citation
Authors must appropriately cite the AI tool used in the references section, following the journal's standard citation format. For example:

OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT GPT-4 [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
Anthropic. (2024). Claude 3.5 Sonnet [Large language model]. https://www.claude.ai/

4.3 Usage limitations
- Generative AI must not be used to create or manipulate research data
- The use of AI does not exempt authors from their responsibility for the manuscript's content
- Authors must carefully review and edit any AI-generated text to ensure its accuracy and relevance, particularly given the risk of AI hallucination

5. Review process
The editorial team will evaluate the declared use of AI in the context of the manuscript's theoretical, empirical, and methodological contributions. Editors reserve the right to request additional information regarding AI usage.

6. Non-compliance consequences
Failure to comply with this policy may result in:
- Manuscript rejection
- Retraction of published articles
- Temporary or permanent ban from publishing in the journal

7. Policy review
This policy will be updated periodically to ensure its relevance.