Intergenerational institutions and political short-termism

Authors

  • Íñigo González-Ricoy Universitat de Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.41.03

Keywords:

intergenerational institutions, political short-termism, time inconsistency, political theory

Abstract

In response to problems of political short-termism and time inconsistency, over the last decades a diversity of institutional reforms have been enacted and proposals have been advanced to enlarge the time horizon of political decisions, improve their time consistency, and better take into account the interests of future generations. This paper is a contribution to the normative analysis of such institutions. It mainly aims at examining their ability to cope with the 68 Iñigo González-Ricoy plurality of determinants of short-termism and time inconsistency. To this aim, and after an introduction, I present the intertemporal problems that these institutions seek to address. A sample of such institutions is displayed next. They are organized by the types of mechanisms they employ as well as by their degree of independence, competencies, types of powers, and the extent of the mandate to which they are subject. Finally, the institutions previously introduced are assessed by their ability to cope with the motivational, epistemic, and institutional determinants of such problems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Íñigo González-Ricoy , Universitat de Barcelona

Profesor lector de Filosofía Política en la Universitat de Barcelona. Previamente, ha sido investigador postdoctoral en las universidades de Lovaina y Pompeu Fabra e investigador
visitante en las de Columbia y Goethe de Frankfurt. Su investigación es sobre teoría democrática y constitucional y ha sido publicada en el Journal of Applied Philosophy, Social Theory and Practice, Politics y Ratio Juris. Recientemente ha coeditado
un libro, Institutions for Future Generations, en prensa con Oxford University Press. 

References

Ackerman, Bruce. 1991. We the People. Foundations. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Alesina, Alberto y Nouriel Roubini. 1992. «Political cycles in OECD economies», The Review of Economic Studies, 59 (4): 663-688. Disponible en: http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/2297992.

Banco Mundial. 2010. Development and Climate Change. Washington DC: Banco Mundial.

Bickel, Alexander. 1986. The least dangerous branch: the Supreme Court at the bar of politics. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Boston, Jonathan. 2014. Governing for the Future. Washington, D.C.: American University.

Brundtland, Gro Harlem. 1987. Our Common Future. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Ginebra: Naciones Unidas.

Caney, Simon. 2010. «Climate Change, Human Rights and Moral Thresholds», en Stephen Humphreys (ed.), Human Rights and Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Caney, Simon. En prensa. «Political Institutions for the Future: A Five-Fold Package», en Iñigo González-Ricoy y Axel Gosseries (eds.), Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cho, Hong Sik y Ole W. Pedersen. 2013. «Environmental rights and future generations», en Mark Tushnet et al. (eds). Handbook on Constitutional Law. London: Routledge. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203072578.ch31.

Cooter, Robert. 1998. «Expressive law and economics», The Journal of Legal Studies, 27: 585-607. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468036.

Cowen, Tyler y Derek Parfit. 1992. «Against the Social Discount Rate», en Peter Laslett y James S. Fishkin (eds.), Justice Between Age Groups and Generations. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Di Paola, Marcelo y Daanika Kamal (eds.). 2015. Climate Change and Human Rights. Global Policy-Wiley Blackwell.

Dobson, Andrew. 1996. «Representative Democracy and the Environment», en William M. Lafferty y James Meadowcroft. Democracy and the environment: Problems and prospects. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Dreyer, Iana y Gerald Stang. 1993. «Foresight in Governments. Practices and Trends Around the World», en Antonio Missiroli, EUISS Yearbook European Security. Paris: EU Institute for Security Studies.

Ekeli, Kristian Skagen. 2008. «Constitutional experiments: representing future generations through submajority rules», The Journal of Political Philosophy, 17 (4): 440-461. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008. 00328.x.

Ekeli, Kristian Skagen. En prensa. «Electoral design, sub-majority rules and representation for future generations», en Iñigo González-Ricoy y Axel Gosseries (eds.), Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Elster, Jon. 2000. Ulysses unbound. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625008.

Expansión. 2015. «Alvaro Nadal apuesta por controlar costes e inversión en I+D para ser más competitivos a corto plazo». Disponible en: http://www.expansion.com/agencia/ europa_press/2015/03/23/20150323130525.html [Consulta: 30 de marzo de 2016].

Ferreres-Comella, Víctor. 2000. «A Defense of Constitutional Rigidity», Analisi e Diritto, 45-68.

Frederick, Shane. 2003. «Measuring intergenerational time preference: Are future lives valued less?», Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 26 (1): 39-53. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022298223127.

Frederick, Shane, et al. 2002. «Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review», Journal of Economic Literature, 40 (2): 351-401. Disponible en: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.40.2.351.

Friedman, Thomas L. 2014. «Obama on Obama on Climate Change», The New York Times. Disponible en: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/opinion/sunday/ friedman-obama-on-obama-on-climate.html?_r=0 [Consulta: 30 de marzo de 2016].

Gardiner, Stephen. 2006. «A Core Precautionary Principle», Journal of Political Philosophy, 14 (1): 33-60. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9760.2006.00237.x.

Gardiner, Stephen. 2011. A perfect moral storm: the ethical tragedy of climate change. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ acprof:oso/9780195379440.001.0001.

Gallery, Gerry y Natalie Gallery. 2009. «Short-termism: challenges and resolutions», Australian Accounting Review, 19 (4): 275-277. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.or-g/10.1111/j.1835-2561.2009.00063.x.

Gardbaum, Stephen. 2001. «The New Commonwealth Model of Constitutionalism», American Journal of Comparative Law, 49: 707-760. Disponible en: http://dx.doi. org/10.2307/841055.

Garrì, Iconio. 2010. «Political short-termism: a possible explanation», Public Choice, 145 (1-2): 197-211. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009- 9561-5.

Gerbach, Hans. 2005. Designing Democracy: Ideas for Better Rules. New York: Springer.

Gneezy, Uri et al. 2006. «The uncertainty effect: When a risky prospect is valued less than its worst possible outcome», The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121: 1283- 1309. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/121.4.1283.

González-Ricoy, Iñigo. 2013. «An Account of the Democratic Status of Constitutional Rights», Res Publica, 19 (3): 241-256. Disponible en: http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s11158-013-9219-5.

González-Ricoy, Iñigo. En prensa. «Constitutionalising Intergenerational Provisions», en González-Ricoy, Iñigo y Axel Gosseries (eds.), Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

González-Ricoy, Iñigo y Axel Gosseries. En prensa. «Designing Institutions for Future Generations: An Introduction», en González-Ricoy, Iñigo, y Axel Gosseries eds. Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gosseries, Axel. 2014. «The Intergenerational Case for Constitutional Rigidity», Ratio Juris, 27 (4), 528-539. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raju.12060.

Gosseries, Axel y Lukas H. Meyer. 2008. Intergenerational justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Halevy, Yoram. 2008. «Strotz meets Allais: Diminishing impatience and the certainty effect», The American Economic Review, 98 (3): 1145-1162. Disponible en: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.1145.

Hayward, Tim. 2004. Constitutional environmental rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0199278687.001.0001.

Heal, Geoffrey y Antony Millner. 2014. «Uncertainty and decision making in climate change economics», Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 8 (1): 120- 137. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reep/ret023.

Healy, Andrew y Neil Malhotra. 2009. «Myopic voters and natural disaster policy»,American Political Science Review, 103 (3): 387-406. Disponible en: http://dx.doi. org/10.1017/S0003055409990104.

IPCC. 2014. Fifth Assessment Report. Synthesis Report. Ginebra: IPCC.

Irving, Kym. 2009. «Overcoming Short Termism», Australian Accounting Review, 19 (4): 278-294. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561. 2009.00064.x.

Jacobs, Alan M. 2011. Governing for the long term: democracy and the politics of investment. Cambridge University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511921766.

Jacobs, Alan M. y J. Scott Matthews. 2012. «Why do citizens discount the future? Public opinion and the timing of policy consequences». British Journal of Political Science, 42 (4): 903-935. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0007123412000117.

Jávor, Benedek. 2006. «Institutional protection of succeeding generations–Ombudsman for Future Generations in Hungary», en Joerg Chet Tremmel (ed.). Handbook of intergenerational justice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Krebs, Ronald R. y Aaron Rapport. 2012. «International Relations and the Psychology of Time Horizons», International Studies Quarterly, 56 (3): 530-543. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2012.00726.x.

Kydland, Finn E. y Edward C. Prescott. 1977. «Rules rather than discretion: The in-consistency of optimal plans», The Journal of Political Economy, 85 (3) : 473-491. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/260580.

López-Guerra, Claudio. En prensa. «Pilotage Responsibility and Intergenerational Justice», en Iñigo González-Ricoy y Axel Gosseries (eds.), Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

MacKenzie, Michael. En prensa. «Institutional design and sources of short-termism», en Iñigo González-Ricoy y Axel Gosseries (eds.), Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

May, J. y E. Daly. 2009. «Vindicating Fundamental Environmental Rights Worldwide», Oregon Review of International Law, 11: 365-439.

McAdams, Richard H. 2000. «A focal point theory of expressive law», Virginia Law Review, 86: 1649-1729. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073827.

Neumayer, Eric. 2000. «In defence of historical accountability for greenhouse gas emissions», Ecological Economics, 33: 185-192. Disponible en: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00135-X.

Nordhaus, William. 1975. «The political business cycle», The Review of Economic Studies, 42 (2): 169-190. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2296528.

Oxford Martin Commission for Future Generations. 2013. Now for the long term: The report of the Oxford Martin Commission for future generations. Oxford: University of Oxford.

Niemeyer, Simon y Julia Jennstål. En prensa. «The Deliberative Democratic Inclusion of Future Generations», en Iñigo González-Ricoy y Axel Gosseries (eds.), Institutions for Future Generations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

North, Douglass C. y Barry Weingast. 1989. «Constitutions and commitment: the evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England», The Journal of Economic History, 49 (4): 803-832. Disponible en: http://dx.doi. org/10.1017/S0022050700009451.

Page, Edward. 2007. Climate Change, Justice and Future Generations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Parfit, Derek. 1984. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Przeworski, Adam. 1985. Capitalism and social democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139171830.

Raffensperger, Carolyn. 1999. Protecting public health and the environment: implementing the precautionary principle. Washington DC: Island Press.

Rawls, John. 1999. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Secretaría General de Naciones Unidas. 2013, Intergenerational Solidarity and the Needs of Future Generations. Nueva York: Naciones Unidas.

Shoham, Shlomo y Nira Lamay. 2006. «Commission for Future Generations in the Knesset: lessons learnt», en Joerg Chet Tremmel(ed.), Handbook of intergenerational justice. Chentelham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Stern, Nicholas. 2007. The economics of climate change: the Stern review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ CBO9780511817434.

Sunstein, Cass y Richard Thaler. 2008. Nudge. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Thatcher, Mark y Alec Stone Sweet. 2002. «Theory and practice of delegation to non-majoritarian institutions», West European Politics, 25 (1): 1-22. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713601583.

Thompson, Dennis F. 2010. «Representing future generations: political presentism and democratic trusteeship», Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 13 (1): 17-37. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 13698230903326232.

Tremmel, Joerg Chet (ed.). 2006. Handbook of intergenerational justice. Chentelham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ 9781847201850.

Van Parijs, Philippe. 1998. «The disfranchisement of the elderly, and other attempts to secure intergenerational justice», Philosophy and Public Affairs, 27 (4): 292-333. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.1998.tb00072.x.

Waldron, J. (1999). Law and disagreement. Oxford University Press. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198262138.001.0001.

Published

2016-07-27

How to Cite

González-Ricoy, Íñigo. (2016). Intergenerational institutions and political short-termism. Revista Española De Ciencia Política, (41), 67–92. https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.41.03

Issue

Section

Articles