School segregation and polarization processes: the influence of school zoning policies

Autori

  • Miquel Ángel Alegre Institut de Govern i Polítiques Públiques (IGOP-UAB) y del European University Institute (Florencia)
  • Ricard Benito Institut de Govern i Polítiques Públiques (IGOP-UAB)
  • Isaac Gonzàlez Institut de Govern i Polítiques Públiques (IGOP-UAB)

Parole chiave:

school segregation, school polarization, equity, education policy, school zonification

Abstract

This paper assesses the influence of different policies of school zonification (i.e. local policies that sort students into different schools on the basis of the delimitation of areas of proximity) on school social segregation and school polarization dynamics. Using the school segregation index and the school polarization level we analyze how different groups of pupils (basing on family educational capital and country of birth) are distributed among primary public funding schools –public and private schools- in a sample of ten municipalities of Catalonia. Our results suggest that certain zonification models − such as the model that assigns a single catchment area per single school − tend to reproduce –or increase- the patterns of residential segregation into the school network social configuration. Others, however, establish certain objective conditions to access to school that favour a reduction in school segregation and polarization. This occurs when more than one public school and more than one private dependent school are assigned the same catchment area. These results have clear implications for the policy debate concerning educational equality and equity.

Biografie autore

Ricard Benito , Institut de Govern i Polítiques Públiques (IGOP-UAB)

Profesor asociado del Departamento de Ciencia Política de la UAB.

Isaac Gonzàlez , Institut de Govern i Polítiques Públiques (IGOP-UAB)

Profesor de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC).

Riferimenti bibliografici

Alegre, M.A. y Arnett, S.M. (2007). The effect of school regimes on students achievement. A cross-regional comparison. Paper presented at the European Sociological Association 8th Conference, September 3-6, in Glasgow, Escocia.

Ball, S.J. (2003). Class Strategies and the Education Market (Londres, Routledge Falmer).

Benito, R., y Gonzàlez, I. (2007). Processos de segregació escolar a Catalunya. Barcelona: Editorial Mediterrània.

Benito, R., y Gonzàlez, I. (2008). Segregació escolar a Catalunya: implicacions en el terreny de l’equitat educativa, Societat Catalana 2008, Barcelona: Associació Catalana de Sociologia.

Bonal, X., Gonzàlez, I. y Valiente, O. (2005). Les noves oficines municipals d’escolarització. Valoració d’experiències i propostes de disseny. Barcelona: Àrea d’Educació de la Diputació de Barcelona.

Brown, S.L. (2001). Does High School Racial Composition Matter? The Effect of Race and Racial Composition on High School Students’ Perceptions and Success (Ann Arbor, MI).

Bulkley, K. y Fisler, J. (2003). A decade of charter schools: from theory to practice, Educational Policy, 17(3), 317-342.

Caldas, S. y Bankston, C. (1997). Effect of school population socioeconomic status on

individual academic achievement, Journal of Educational Research, 90, 269-277.

Caldas, S.J. y Bankston, C. (1998). The Inequality of Separation: Racial Composition of Schools and Academic Achievement, Educational Administration Quarterly, 34(4), 533-557.

Coleman et al. (1966). Equality of Educational Opportunity (Washington, US Government Printing Office).

De Fraine, B., Van Damme, J., Van Landeghem, G. y Opdenakker, M.C. (2003). The effect of Schools and Classes on Language Achievement, British Educational Research Journal, 29(6), 841-859.

Departament d’Educació (2007). DECRET 75/2007, de 27 de març, pel qual s'estableix el procediment d'admissió de l'alumnat als centres en els ensenyaments sufragats amb fons publics. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.

Dumay, X. (2004). Effet établissement:effet de composition et/ou effet des pratiques managériales et pédagogiques? Un état du débat, Les Cahiers de Recherche en Éducation et Formation, 34.

Dumay, X. y Dupriez, V. (2004). Effet établissement: effet de processus et/ou effet de composition?, Les Cahiers de Recherche en Éducation et Formation, 36.

Dumay, X. y Dupriez, V. (2007). Does the School Comosition Effect Matter? Some Methodological and Conceptual Considerations, Les Cahiers de Recherche en Éducation et Formation, 60.

Duru-Bellat, M., Mons, N. y Suchaut, B. (2004). Caracteristiques des systèmes éducatifs et compétences des jeunes de 15 ans: l’eclairage des comparaisons entre pays, Cahiers de l’IREDU, 66.

Gewirtz, S. (1998). Can all schools be successful? An exploration of the determinants of school ‘success’, Oxford Review of Education, 24, 439-457.

Gewirtz, S., Ball, S.J. y Bowe, R. (1995). Markets, Choice and Equity in Education. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Gorard, S. (2006). Is there a school mix effect?, Educational Review, 58(1), 87-94.

Gorard, S. y Smith, E. (2004). An international comparison of equity in education systems,

Comparative Education, 40(1), 15-27.

Gorard, S., Taylor, C. y Fitz, J. (2003). School, Markets and Choice Policies. Londres: Routledge Falmer.

Gordon, L. (2003). School choice and social market in New Zealand: education reform in an era of increasing inequality, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 17(1), 17-34.

Grisay, A. (1996). Evolution des acquis cognitifs et socio-affectifs des élevès au cors des

années de college. Liège : Université de Liège.

Hanushek, E.A., Kain, J.F. y Rivkin, S.G. (2002). New Evidence about Brown v. Board of Education: The Complex Effects of School Racial Composition on Achievement. NBER working papers, n. 8741, National Bureau of Economic Research.

Hoxby, C.M. (2000). Does Competition Among Public Schools Benefit Students and Taxpayers?, American Economic Review, 90(5), 1209-1238.

Lauder, H. y Hughes, D. (Eds.). (1999). Trading in Futures. Why Markets in Education Don’t Work. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Le Grand, J. y Bartlett, W. (Eds.). (1993). Quasi-markets and social policy. London: MacMillan.

Lupton, R. (2004). Schools in disadvantaged areas: recognising context and raising quality. CASE Papers 076. London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion.

McEwan, P. J., y Carnoy, M. (2000). The Effectiveness and Efficiency of Private Schools in Chile's Voucher System, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 22(3), 213-239.

Michael, J.A. (1961). High school climates and plans for entering college, Public Opinion

Quarterly, 25, 585-595.

Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (1985). Ley orgánica 8/1985, de 3 de julio, de derecho a la educación. BOE 4/7/1985.

OECD (2007). PISA 2006. Science competencies for tomorrow’s world. Vol.1: Analysis (Paris, OECD).

Opdenakker, M.C. y Van Damme, J. (2001). Relationship between School Composition and

Characteristics of School Process and Their Effect on Mathematics Achievement, British Educational Research Journal, 27(4), 407-432.

Raveaud, M. y Van Zanten, A. (2007). Choosing the local school: middle class parents’ values and social and ethnic mix in London and Paris, Journal of Education Policy, 22(1), 107-124.

Reynolds, D. et al. (2002). World Class Schools: International Perspectives on School Effectiveness. London: Routledge Falmer.

Scheerens, J. y Bosker, R. (1997). The foundation of educational effectiveness. Oxford: Pergamon.

Slee, R., Weiner, G. y Tomlinson, S. (Eds.). (1998). School effectiveness for whom?. London: Falmer Press.

Teddlie, C. y Reynolds, D. (2000). The international handbook of school effectiveness

research. London: Falmer Press.

Thrupp, M. (1995). The School Mix Effect: the history of an enduring problem in educational research, policy and practice, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 16(2), 183-203.

Thrupp, M. (1999). Schools making a difference. Let’s be realistic. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Turner, R. (1964). The Social Context of Ambition (San Francisco, Chandler Printing).

Van Zanten, A. (2001). L'école de la périphérie. Scolarité et ségrégation en banlieue. Paris : PUF.

Vandenberghe, V. (1999). Combining market and bureaucratic control in education: an answer to market and bureaucratic failure, Comparative education, 35(3), 271-282.

West, A., Hind, A. & Pennell, H. (2004). School admissions and ‘selection’ in comprehensive schools, Oxford Review of Education, 30(3), 347-369.

Willms, D.J. (1986). Social class aggregation and its relationships to pupils, examination results in Scotland, American Sociological Review, 51, 221-241.

Willms, D.J. y Echols, F. (1992). Alert and inert Clients: the Scottish experience of parental

choice of schools, Economics of Education Review, 11(4), 339-350.

Wilson, A.B. (1959). Residential segregation of social classes and aspirations of high school boys, American Sociological Review, 24, 836-845.

##submission.downloads##

Pubblicato

2008-09-01