Firmas del conservadurismo: peticiones, política popular y campañas contra las reformas en Gran Bretaña, 1780-1918

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18042/hp.46.06

Resumen

El estudio de las peticiones colectivas en el Reino Unido se ha centrado por lo general en campañas progresistas, reformistas o liberales, y movimientos tales como el antiesclavismo, el radicalismo, el cartismo, el libre comercio o el sufragio femenino. Sin embargo, sería mejor considerar las nuevas formas de petición colectiva surgidas a finales del siglo xviii como tecnologías neutrales. Algunas de las mayores peticiones del siglo xix resultaron de campañas tory, conservadoras, lealistas o reaccionarias. La defensa de las iglesias protestantes oficiales de Inglaterra, Irlanda, Escocia y Gales movilizó millones de firmas, al igual que la oposición a que se otorgaran derechos a los disidentes católicos y protestantes. Los intereses proteccionistas, a su vez, se opusieron al libre comercio. En contraste con las reformistas, estas campañas eran, por lo general, reactivas, y respondían a propuestas de cambio de sus adversarios. Hicieron estas también un mayor uso, en su práctica peticionaria, de redes preexistentes del clero y la Iglesia, y tardaron algo más que sus adversarios en adoptar nuevas formas de asociacionismo y nuevas formas de petición colectiva. Por ejemplo, los conservadores siguieron haciendo hincapié en la respetabilidad y la calidad de los firmantes en vez de la cantidad, por más que los números tuvieran una importancia cada vez mayor en los debates públicos. El uso de las peticiones también mantuvo la identidad conservadora. En general, las peticiones de los conservadores muestran de qué manera estos, si no a la democracia, sí se adaptaron a la política popular del siglo XIX

Citas

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Publicado

2021-11-17

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Sección

MONOGRÁFICO

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