¿Reproducción o movilidad cultural? Un estudio a partir de distintas dimensiones del capital cultural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2022.123Palabras clave:
Capital cultural, reproducción cultural, movilidad cultural, regresión de efectos fijos, PISAResumen
La teoría de la reproducción cultural planteada por Bourdieu y Passeron establece que el sistema educativo contribuye a la reproducción de las estructuras sociales a través de su papel en la reproducción de la estructura de capital cultural. No obstante, no existe consenso sobre cómo se transforma el capital cultural en una ventaja educativa o sobre qué alumnos obtienen una mayor rentabilidad del capital cultural, si los de extracción social alta (modelo de reproducción cultural) o baja (modelo de movilidad cultural). En el presente trabajo se emplea información de PISA 2000 sobre el caso español para operacionalizar distintas dimensiones del capital cultural y poner a prueba su productividad para alumnos de diferente extracción social. Los resultados avalan el modelo de reproducción cultural para todos los indicadores de capital cultural, lo que significa que los alumnos de extracción social alta no solo disponen de más capital cultural, sino que obtienen una mayor rentabilidad de cada unidad de capital cultural.
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