Amor y política: polarización afectiva y relaciones de pareja en España

José Miguel Rojo Martínez

doi:10.22325/fes/res.2025.250

Autores/as

José Miguel Rojo Martínez Universidad de Murcia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2025.250

Palabras clave:

polarización afectiva, identidades sociales, sesgos grupales, homofilia, relaciones de pareja

Resumen

Este artículo aporta evidencia empírica sobre la existencia de procesos de distanciamiento social por razones políticas en España y cuáles son los factores que permiten explicarlos. Para abordar esta cuestión, se presentan datos de la II Encuesta Nacional de Polarización Política en España, realizada por el CEMOP, y se desarrollan diferentes modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para estimar los niveles de desagrado/aceptación hacia las relaciones de pareja con los votantes de los cuatro principales partidos del país. Los resultados indican que la polarización afectiva es el factor explicativo primordial de los procesos de distanciamiento social basados en identidades partidistas, mientras que el sesgo de favoritismo endogrupal es el motor fundamental de la homofilia. La polarización afectiva no solo tiene consecuencias sobre la democracia o las instituciones, también promueve la segregación social y hace que los individuos otorguen mayor importancia a ciertas identidades políticas en situaciones no políticas.

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