El reconocimiento legal LGBTI y sus factores determinantes a nivel mundial: evidencia de datos de panel de 144 países (1966-2011)

Luis Eduardo Mella Gómez

doi:10.21308/recp.64.03

Autores/as

Luis Eduardo Mella Gómez Universidad de Nebrija https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-217X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.64.03

Palabras clave:

instituciones, derechos LGBTI, poliarquías, religión, derechos de la mujer

Resumen

Los derechos LGBTI varían globalmente en cuanto a regiones y países, y aunque se conocen factores como instituciones políticas y religión que influyen en esta variación, la naturaleza y forma de estas relaciones es poco estudiada y muchas veces se modela de manera lineal o no se modeliza aspectos importantes destacados de la literatura como la persistencia institucional o la influencia del pasado. Usando el índice Global de Reconocimiento de la Orientación Homosexual (GILRHO) y diversos indicadores institucionales, culturales y demográficos recopilados en el Quality of Government Dataset, se analizó un panel de 144 países durante 46 años. Para lograr corroborar el objetivo de identificar los factores determinantes del reconocimiento legal de las personas LGBTI se utilizó modelos de datos de panel dinámicos robustos a sesgo de paneles dinámicos y a perturbaciones no normales en los errores (autocorrelación serial, heterocedasticidad y correlación contemporánea). Se encontró que la relación entre instituciones, inclusión y religión en el reconocimiento legal LGBTI es no lineal e intertemporal (que el pasado incide en el presente). Los resultados son consistentes con lo discutido en la literatura sobre el reconocimiento legal LGBTI en el contexto de la ciencia política comparada.

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