Políticas conductuales inteligentes: oportunidades y riesgos ético-políticos de la inteligencia artificial para el nudging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.62.03Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, ética, políticas públicas, nudging, gobernanza algorítmica, políticas conductualesResumen
El presente artículo explora las oportunidades y los riesgos de la aplicación de tecnologías de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para la elaboración de políticas públicas conductuales basadas en el nudging. Este tipo de políticas, especialmente populares en países anglosajones, han demostrado ser eficaces para promover ciertas conductas y hábitos que se consideran positivos entre la ciudadanía. Sin embargo, no se encuentran exentas de controversia por sus posibles efectos nocivos en cuestiones fundamentales en los sistemas democráticos occidentales como la libertad individual y la autonomía humana. El artículo parte del marco para la implementación de nudges propuesto por el Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) y explora como la incorporación de la IA puede ofrecer oportunidades para hacer este tipo de políticas más eficientes y, por tanto, promover, por ejemplo, hábitos saludables entre la ciudadanía. Lo que denominaríamos políticas conductuales inteligentes. Al mismo tiempo, el texto aborda algunos de los problemas ético-políticos que surgen de la combinación de estas tecnologías con las políticas conductuales y que cuestionan su compatibilidad con los valores democráticos.
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