La política exterior de la Francia revolucionaria:  una aproximación geopolítica desde el realismo neoclásico

Esteban Vidal

doi:10.21308/recp.59.05

Autores/as

Esteban Vidal Universidad del País Vasco

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.59.05

Palabras clave:

geopolítica, política exterior, realismo neoclásico, Francia revolucionaria, competición internacional, organización del espacio, Revolución francesa

Resumen

La política exterior de la Francia revolucionaria destaca por su agresividad y expansionismo. Para explicar el comportamiento internacional de Francia durante la Revolución, este artículo propone una perspectiva geopolítica basada en el realismo neoclásico. Discute las principales aportaciones de esta teoría y aclara los factores de la segunda y primera imagen que constituyen el marco analítico en este estudio. La geopolítica proporciona la perspectiva espacial para analizar cómo las presiones externas moldearon la esfera doméstica de Francia en la organización de su espacio interno y la forma en que influyeron en su política exterior. En primer lugar, el artículo presenta cómo la monarquía absoluta francesa organizó el espacio e identifica los antecedentes históricos de la Revolución. A continuación, aborda el papel de la percepción del escenario internacional de las élites estatales a partir de su experiencia, y cómo tomaron conciencia de la necesidad de realizar cambios críticos en el ámbito interno para competir con éxito en el internacional. Finalmente, aborda los cambios más notables en la organización espacial implementados por la Revolución y cómo contribuyeron a fortalecer las capacidades nacionales del Estado para desarrollar una política exterior expansionista.

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