¿Identidad dual? Una crítica metodológica a la pregunta Linz-Moreno como indicador estadístico de la identidad nacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.49.01Palabras clave:
, Nacionalismo, comunidades autónomas, España, pregunta Linz-Moreno, identidad nacional, identidad dual.Resumen
Este artículo ofrece una crítica metodológica a una medición generalizada de la identidad nacional a través de encuestas, la llamada «pregunta Linz-Moreno» (PLM), y a su fundamento epistemológico, la teoría de la «identidad dual». Elegimos España como caso de estudio para nuestra investigación dada la variabilidad interna en términos de identidad entre sus regiones y la disponibilidad de datos sólidos. Dividimos sus diecisiete comunidades autónomas (CC. AA.) españolas en cuatro grupos, en función de su estructura identitaria. Presentamos dos grandes grupos de CC. AA., incluyendo en el primero las CC. AA. donde priman sentimientos nacionalistas de ámbito estatal, y en el segundo aquellas con una presencia significativa de nacionalismos subestatales. A continuación, dividimos cada una de estas categorías en dos, atendiendo a la fortaleza de sus sentimientos identitarios. Utilizando metodologías cualitativas, hallamos diferencias en el proceso de reproducción del nacionalismo para cada grupo de CC. AA., lo que refuerza la validez de nuestra clasificación. Por último, probamos nuestra hipótesis principal con una regresión logística multinomial, que proporciona evidencia empírica que demuestra que la PLM no es un buen indicador de identidad nacional para aquellas CC. AA. débilmente nacionalizadas. Concluimos que la teoría de la identidad dual oculta diferencias significativas en cuanto a la jerarquía y naturaleza de las identidades colectivas en sociedades modernas. Por ello, optamos por problematizar el análisis meramente descriptivo de las identidades colectivas y comenzar a tratar la identidad nacional como expresión ideológica del nacionalismo. La crítica de la PLM presentada en este artículo quiere contribuir a una mejor medición de las identidades en las sociedades modernas.Descargas
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Derechos de autor 2019 Arturo De Nieves Gutiérrez de Rubalcava; Carlos Diz
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