Imaginarios energéticos y tensiones progresistas en América Latina: el caso de Argentina (2019-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21308/recp.68.02Palabras clave:
imaginarios socio-técnicos, análisis de discurso, narrativas políticas, energía, transición energética, extractivismo, progresismo, gobiernos de izquierda, América Latina, ArgentinaResumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al estudio de los imaginarios energéticos en América Latina mediante el análisis de un caso específico: el de Argentina durante el Gobierno de Alberto Fernández (2019-2023). En concreto, el trabajo explora las tensiones que surgen dentro del ámbito progresista entre las miradas más desarrollistas, que promueven la extracción de recursos naturales, y el auge de valores ambientales, que reclaman un mayor respeto por la naturaleza. Para ello, emplea el concepto de imaginarios socio-técnicos como herramienta analítica y examina la política gasífera argentina, con especial interés en la explotación del yacimiento Vaca Muerta. A partir del análisis de 47 discursos presidenciales y 13 entrevistas semi-estructuradas, se identifican cuatro imaginarios energéticos: el nacional-popular, el neo-desarrollista, el ambientalista y el socio-liberal que, enraizados en distintas tradiciones políticas, revelan diversas formas de imaginar la energía y su relación con la sociedad. Por último, la investigación concluye con una discusión sobre las dificultades que enfrentan los gobiernos progresistas de la región en la formulación de políticas energéticas.
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