Intervención asistida con animales (IAA): Análisis de la situación en España
摘要
En este estudio se describe la actividad profesional de las principales entidades (instituciones, empresas, fundaciones, asociaciones, etc.) que en España se dedican de manera sistemática y continuada a la Intervención asistida con animales (IAA), incluidas la Terapia (TAA), las Actividades (AAA) y la Educación asistidas con animales (EAA). La Intervención asistida con animales en España está experimentando en la actualidad un gran auge y expansión. El estudio recoge la actividad de 275 profesionales que, junto a 213 animales, pertenecen a 55 entidades distribuidas por toda España. Todas ellas se dedican a desarrollar programas de Intervención asistida con animales de manera sistemática y continuada. Estas entidades se definen por su carácter multiprofesional aglutinando trabajadores de disciplinas diversas, tales como el adiestramiento animal, la psicología y la educación, fundamentalmente. Su actividad principal es la terapia asistida con animales, siendo sus ámbitos de actuación prioritarios la neurorehabilitación, la educación, la psicología/psiquiatría, la integración social y la gerontología. En el futuro, estudios similares comprobarán si esta tendencia expansiva sigue creciendo o se estabiliza.Palabras Clave: Intervención Asistida con Animales; Terapia Asistida con Animales; Educación Asistida con Animales; Actividades Asistidas con Animales; España.
This article describes the current state of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) in Spain, which is an emerging sector that is currently undergoing rapid expansion. The study covered the activities of 275 professionals working in 55 institutions with 213 trained animals. These professionals are systematically and continuously developing programs for animal-assisted therapy (AAT), animal-assisted activities (AAA), and animal-assisted education (AAE) in Spain. The institutions have a multi-professional character in that they mainly bring together the disciplines of animal training, psychology, and education. Their main activity is AAT, which mainly centres on the areas of disability/neurorehabilitation, education, psychology/psychiatry, social integration, and gerontology. Future studies will verify if this upward trend continues to grow or becomes stable.
Key Words: Animal-Assisted Interventions; Animal-Assisted Therapy; Animal-Assisted Education; Spain.
参考
Arkow, P. (2010). Animal-assisted interventions and human education: opportunities for a more targeted focus. En H. A. Fine (Ed), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice (pp. 457–480). London: Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381453-1.10022-4
Ato, M., López, J. J. y Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en Psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29, 1038-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Barker, S., y Dawson, K. (1998). The effects of animal-assisted therapy on anxiety ratings of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Services, 49, 797-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.49.6.797
Barker, S. B., y Wolen, A. R. (2008). The benefits of human-companion animal interaction: a review. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 35, 487-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jvme.35.4.487
Bass, M. M., Duchowny, C. A., y Llabre, M. M. (2009). The effect of therapeutical horseback riding on social functioning in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 1261-1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0734-3
Baun, M. y Johnson, R. (2010). Human/animal interaction and successful aging. En H. A. Fine (Ed). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice (pp. 283–299). London: Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381453-1.10004-2
Fawcett, N. R. y Gullone, E. (2001). Cute and cuddly and a whole lot more? A call for empirical investigations into the therapeutic benefits of human-animal interaction for children. Behaviour Change, 18, 124-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.18.2.124
Filan, S. L., y Llewellyn-Jones, R. H. (2006). Animal-assisted therapy for dementia: a review of the literature. International Psychogeriatric, 18, 597-611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206003322
Fine, H. A., y Beck, A. (2010). Understanding our kinship with animals: input for health care professionals interested in the animal/human bond. En H. A. Fine (Ed). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice (pp. 3–16). London: Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381453-1.10001-7
Friedman, E., Katcher, A. H., Lynch, J. J., y Thomas, S. A. (1980). Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Report, 95, 307-312.
Hansen, K.M., Messinger, C.J., Baun, M.M., y Megel, M. (1999). Companion animals alleviating distress in children. Anthrozoos, 12, 142-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279399787000264
IAHAIO (2013). International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations. The IAHAIO definitions for animal assisted intervention and animal assisted activity and guidelines for wellness of animals involved. Recuperado el, 28 de abril de 2014, de http://www.iahaio.org/new/fileuploads/8000IAHAIO%20WHITE%20PAPER%20TASK%20FORCE%20-%20FINAL%20REPORT%20-%20070714.pdf
Johnson, R. A., Odendaal, J. S. J. y Meadows, R. L. (2002). Animal-assisted interventions research: Issues and answers. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24, 422-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01945902024004009
Kamioca, H., Okada, S.,Tsutani, K., Park, H., Okuizumi, H, Handa, S., Oshio, T., Park. SJ, Kitayuguchi, Abe, T., Honda, T., y Mutoh, Y. (2014). Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 22, 371-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2013.12.016
Katcher, A. H., Friedman, E., Beck, A. M., y Lynch, J. J. (1983). Looking, talking and blood pressure: the psychological consequences of interaction with the living environment. En A. H. Katcher, A. M. Beck (Eds.), New perspectives on our lives with companion animals (pp. 351-359). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Kruger, K. A., y Serpell, J. A. (2010. Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: definitions and theoretical foundations. En A. H. Fine (Ed.) Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice (pp. 33–48). London: Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381453-1.10003-0
Kwon J-Y., Chang H. J., Lee J. Y., Ha Y., Lee P. K., y Kim Y-H. (2011). Effects of hippotherapy on gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92, 774-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.031
Lavrakas, P. J. (Ed.) (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947
Lechner H. E., Kakebeeke T. H., Hegemann D., y Baumberger M. (2007). The effect of hippotherapy on spasticity and on mental well-being of persons with spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88, 1241-1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.015
Levinson, B. M. (1969). Pet-Oriented Child Psychotherapy. Sprinfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. (Traducción castellana: Psicoterapia infantil asistida por animales. Barcelona: Fundación Purina, 1995).
López-Cepero, J., Rodríguez-Franco, L., Perea Mediavilla, M.A., Blanco Piñero, N., Tejada Roldán, A., y Blanco Picabia, A. (2014). Animal-assisted interventions: Review of current status and future challenges. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14, 1, 85-101.
López-Cepero, J., Perea-Mediavilla, M.A., Sarasola, J.L. y Tejada, A. (2015). Influence of biographical variables and academic background on attitudes towards animal assisted interventions. Human-Animal Interaction Bulletin, 3, 1-10.
Marino, L. (2012). Construct validity of animal-assisted therapy and activities. How important is the animal on AAT? Anthrozoos, 25, 129-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175303712X13353430377219
Martínez Abellán, R. (2008). La terapia asistida con animales: Una nueva perspectiva y líneas de investigación en la atención a la diversidad. Indivisa, boletín de estudios e investigación, 9, 117-144.
Martínez Abellán, R. (2009). Atención a la diversidad y terapia asistida por animales. Programas y experiencias en el medio penitenciario. Revista de Educación Inclusiva, 2, 111-133.
Martínez-Arias, M. R. (1995). El método de las encuestas por muestreo: conceptos básicos. En M. T. Anguera, J. Arnau, M. Ato, R. Martínez, J. Pascual y G. Vallejo (Eds.), Métodos de investigación en Psicología (pp. 385-421). Madrid: Síntesis.
Nagengast, S. L., Baun, M. M., Megel, M. and Leibowitz, J. M. 1997. The effects of the presence of a companion animal on physiological arousal and behavioral distress in children during a physical examination. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 12, 323–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0882-5963(97)80058-9
O’Haire, M. E. (2013). Animal-Assisted intervention for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 43, 1606–1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1707-5
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Perea-Mediavilla, M. A., López-Cepero, J., Tejada-Roldán, A. y Sarasola, J. L. (2014). Intervenciones asistidas por animales y calidad de vida: expectativas en estudiantes universitarios españoles. Escritos de Psicología, 7, 10-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2014.1909
Ristol F., y Domènec E. (2011). Terapia asistida con animales. I Manual práctico para técnicos y expertos en TAA. Barcelona: CTAC Ediciones.
Selby, A., y Smith-Osborne, A. (2013). A systematic review of effectiveness of complementary and adjunct therapies and interventions involving equines. Health Psychology, 32, 418-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029188
Ungermann, C. M., y Gras, L. Z. (2011). Therapeutic riding followed by auditory stimulation to improve balance and gait in a subject with orthopedic pathologies. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17, 1191–1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0708
Wells, D. L. (2007). Domestic dogs and human health: An overview. British Journal of Health Psychology, 12, 145–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910706X103284
Wilson, C. C. y Barker, S. B. (2003). Challenges in designing human-animal interaction research. American Behavioral Scientist 47, 16-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764203255208
Zadnikar, M., y Kastrin, A. J. (2011). Effects of hippotherapy and therapeutic riding on postural control or balance in children with cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53, 684–691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03951.x
##submission.downloads##
已出版
##submission.license##
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-nd4.footer## ESCRITOS DE PSICOLOGÍA por FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA-UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA se encuentra bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Unported