Surveillance and epidemiology of herpes zoster in Spain

Abstract

Background: Herpes Zoster (HZ) results from reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus infection and is associated with immunosuppression and ageing.  HZ is of increasing importance in advanced societies. Vaccination appears as a powerful tool to reduce HZ as well as postherpetic neuralgia, the main zoster complication. This study aims to describe the temporal trend, the age and sex distribution of cases, hospitalisations and deaths by zoster occurred in Spain between 1998 and 2018.

Methods: The available information for zoster in Spain were used: cases from National Surveillance System (2014-2018), registries from Spanish hospitalisation database (1998-2018) and deaths from the Spanish mortality statistics (1999-2018). Incidence, hospitalization (HR) and mortality (MR) rates per year and period were calculated. Rates by age group and sex as well as percentage and cumulative percentage for cases and hospitalisations by age group, were also calculated.

Results: The global HZ incidence was 351.6/100,000 inhabitants and 625.5/100,000 among population aged 50 and over. The incidence increases with age, especially from the age of 50-54 years (41% increase over the 45-49 age group) and is always higher in women. The global HR was 6.75/100,000 and 15.7/100,000 in persons aged 50 and over; HR increases with age, especially from 60-64 years onwards (50% increase over 54-59 age group) and is always higher in men. The 68.8% of cases and 80.2% of hospitalisations for HZ occurred from the age of 50.

Conclusions: In Spain HZ is a frequent and severe entity in adults and elderly people requiring public health interventions. The demographic changes and the introduction of vaccination require continued monitoring of HZ behaviour in terms of incidence and severity.