Surveillance and control measures of avian influenza in birds. Implications for public health

Abstract

Avian influenza is an infectious disease that mainly affects birds, caused by influenza A type viruses, in most cases of low pathogenecity. Rapid mutations of these viruses to highly pathogenic forms represent a serious risk for animal and public health. Since 2003, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in birds is taking place with transmission and resulting illness in humans and which is believed to be able to start a human influenza pandemic. To face these outbreaks, a joint effort between the animal and public health sector is needed to identify areas affected by animal disease and to intensify surveillance of human cases in them. Control measures in animals must be compatible with risk reduction of human exposure. The aim of this article is to review the general control measures developed against avian influenza in birds, highlighting coordination and communication aspects between Animal Health and Public Health, taking into account that legislation is constantly being updated as the dynamic of the disease changes.