Citizens or migrants? Precarious residence in the context of EU citizenship
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rdce.69.05Abstract
The judgment delivered by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Dano made clear that the conditionality of residence for economically inactive EU citizens is in Directive 2004/38 for a reason, and that it can be interpreted strictly. After an analysis of the trajectory of the CJEU in this field, this Note zooms in on grey areas deriving from State practice, in between lawful residence and expulsion. It then contends that these situations can be understood as the result of a tension among different dynamics of opening and closure, which are deeply embedded in the European citizenship project. By bringing to life the restrictive elements of the Directive, the Dano case facilitates the withdrawal of residence rights of certain EU citizens and allows for their expulsion. And yet, their rights to move freely and re-enter the host State immediately upon expulsion remain untouched, rendering the expulsion of the poor and economically inactive futile in practice. These ambiguities not only unveil the paradox of applying the concepts of illegality and expulsion to EU citizens in the context of European integration and internal open borders, but also facilitate the emergence of "non-removed" citizens. This creates an underclass of EU citizens who are simply "present" in the host Member State, staying unlawfully and without access to rights until, or unless, they are granted a valid residence permit or eventually removed.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
Submission of a manuscript to the RDCE implies having read and accepted the journal's editorial guidelines and instructions for authors. When a work is accepted for publication, it is understood that the author grants the RDCE exclusive rights of reproduction, distribution and, where appropriate, sale of his manuscript for exploitation in all countries of the world in printed version, as well as any other magnetic, optical and digital media.
Authors shall transfer the publishing rights of their manuscript to RDCE so that it may be disseminated and capitalised on Intranets, the Internet and any web portals and wireless devices that the publisher may decide, by placing it at the disposal of users so that the latter may consult it online and extract content from it, print it and/or download and save it. These activities must comply with the terms and conditions outlined on the website hosting the work. However, the RDCE authorises authors of papers published in the journal to include a copy of these papers, once published, on their personal websites and/or other open access digital repositories. Copies must include a specific mention of RDCE, citing the year and issue of the journal in which the article was published, and adding a link to the RDCE website(s).
A year after its publication, the works of the RDCE will be under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which allows third parties to share the work as long as its author and its first publication is indicated, without the right to commercial exploitation and the elaboration of derivative works.
Plagiarism and scientific fraud
The publication of work that infringes on intellectual property rights is the sole responsibility of the authors, including any conflicts that may occur regarding infringement of copyright. This includes, most importantly, conflicts related to the commission of plagiarism and/or scientific fraud.
Practices constituting scientific plagiarism are as follows:
1. Presenting the work of others as your own.
2. Adopting words or ideas from other authors without due recognition.
3. Not using quotation marks or another distinctive format to distinguish literal quotations.
4. Giving incorrect information about the true source of a citation.
5. The paraphrasing of a source without mentioning the source.
6. Excessive paraphrasing, even if the source is mentioned.
Practices constituting scientific fraud are as follows:
1. Fabrication, falsification or omission of data and plagiarism.
2. Duplicate publication.
3. Conflicts of authorship.
Warning
Any breach of these Rules shall constitute a ground for rejection of the manuscript submitted.
