Cross-border cooperation between Spain and Morocco in view of the European Policies and Programmes: the incidence of the Territorial Claims
Keywords:
Spanish-Moroccan cross-border cooperation, EU Regional Policy, EU Cohesion Policy, European Neighbourhood Policy, European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument, Operational Programme ‘Spain - External borders 2008-2013’ cross-border cooperation'Abstract
After mentioning the international legal framework for cross-border cooperation between (regional and local) territorial entities within the Council of Europe (Spain with France and Portugal), and the institutional and political frameworks agreed between Spain and the United Kingdom around Gibraltar, an analysis is conducted on how cross-border co-operation carried out by Spanish/Moroccan territorial entities can be studied from different legal frameworks between the European Union (EU) and Morocco.These frameworks are: the EU Regional/Cohesion Policy through the INTERREG III A Spain-Morocco programme (since 1994) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); the European Neighbourhood Policy (2004) and the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), implemented since January 2007.
Other issues are considered in regard to how territorial claims have finally led to the adoption of a transitional Programme within the framework of the EU Cohesion Policy (in the context of the objectives of the European territorial cooperation between Spain and Morocco): the Operational Programme «Spain - External Borders 2008-2013 Cross-Border Cooperation Programme», that was approved by the European Commission in a Decision of 20 March 2009, due to the absence of a joint Operational Programme between both countries in accordance with the ENPI.
Other forms of cross-border cooperation are possible in various ways, such as those provided for in the Europe 2020 Strategy. The Article focus on the impact of territorial claims on the eventual creation of a «Mediterranean Macroregion» in the Area of the Strait of Gibraltar taking into consideration the provisions for a new model of regional cooperation in the EU.
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