TOWARDS AN EFFECTIVE BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION IN EUROPE? AN ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATION (EU) 2024/1991 ON NATURE RESTORATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rdce.79.10Abstract
The EU Nature Restoration Regulation (2024/1991) is a key initiative within the European Green Pact to restore degraded ecosystems and halt the loss of biodiversity. EU biodiversity legislation already included obligations to restore ecosystems, but this Regulation provides stronger legal instruments to achieve its objectives. Proposed in 2022 and adopted in 2024, the regulation aims to meet binding targets to restore Europe's biodiversity and contribute to the EU's 2050 climate neutrality target. Its adoption was marked by significant political tensions due to its potential impact on key economic sectors such as agriculture, livestock and fisheries. The regulation faces challenges for its future implementation, such as effective monitoring of targets, its relationship with other related policies, and anthropogenic impacts that irreversibly affect ecosystems. Time will tell whether the objectives of conservation, restoration and non-regression will be achieved through this legal instrument. In this study, I analyze in detail the new Regulation, the political context in which it was adopted, the legal background - with particular reference to the Birds and Habitats Directives - and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and critically evaluate the positive and negative aspects of the new Regulation that have been discussed.
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