De la ciudad sostenible a la ciudad hub: obsolescencia y renovación de indicadores urbanos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2022.213.3

Palabras clave:

Desarrollo sostenible, Ciudad inteligente, Metabolismo urbano, Ciudad hub, Gemelo digital

Resumen

Dada su mayor inercia y complejidad organizativa, los núcleos urbanos resultan más vulnerables frente a fenómenos adversos de índole físico, social, económico y biológico. La ONU también aspira a que las regiones metropolitanas se erijan inclusivas, seguras y resilientes, además de sostenibles, antes de 2030. El presente artículo, en consecuencia, visibiliza la obsolescencia de indicadores que caracterizaron el desarrollo sostenible de las últimas décadas y ahonda en estrategias que mitigan riesgos e incertidumbre en la ciudad contemporánea. La activación de palancas como la tecnología digital, el conocimiento compartido, la circularidad sistémica y la gobernanza participativa pretende dar respuesta a la creciente agresividad y volatilidad de los agentes externos en las metrópolis del siglo XXI, proponiendo métodos transdisciplinares de crecimiento mensurable, equitativo e inteligente.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Ackoff, R.L. (1989): From data to wisdom. Journal of applied systems analysis, 16(1), 3-9.

Agudelo-Vera, C.M. & Leduc, W.R. & Mels, A.R. & Rijnaarts, H.H. (2012): Harvesting urban resources towards more resilient cities. Resources, conservation and recycling, 64, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.01.014

Ahvenniemi, H. & Huovila, A. & Pinto-Seppä, I. & Airaksinen, M. (2017): What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities, 60, Part A, 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009

Angelidou, M. (2014): Smart city policies: A spatial approach. Cities, 41(1), S3-S11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.007

Angelidou, M (2015): Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces. Cities, 47, 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.05.004

Barles, S. (2010): Society, energy and materials: the contribution of urban metabolism studies to sustainable urban development issues. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 53(4), 439-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640561003703772

Belanche, D. & Casaló, L.V. & Orús, C. (2016): City attachment and use of urban services: Benefits for smart cities. Cities, 50, 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.08.016

Beloin-Saint-Pierre, D. & Rugani, B. & Lasvaux, S. & Mailhac, A. & Popovici, E. & Sibiude, G. & Schi-opu, N. (2017): A review of urban metabolism studies to identify key methodological choices for future harmonization and implementation. Journal of cleaner production, 163, S223-S240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.014

Bifulco, F. & Tregua, M. & Amitrano, C.C. & D'Auria, A. (2016): ICT and sustainability in smart cities management. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(2), https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2015-0132

Bourdic, L. & Salat, S. & Nowacki, C. (2012): Assessing cities: a new system of cross-scale spatial indicators. Building Research & Information, 40(5), 592-605. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2012.703488

Brundtland, G.H. & Khalid, M. & Agnelli, S. & Al-Athel, S. & Chidzero, B.J.N.Y. (1987): Our common future. New York, 8.

Calzada, I. & Cobo, C. (2015): Unplugging: Deconstructing the smart city. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.971535

Caragliu, A. & Del Bo, C. & Nijkamp, P. (2011): Smart cities in Europe. Journal of urban technology, 18(2), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601117

Castells, M. (2000): Urban sustainability in the information age. City, 4(1), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/713656995

Coe, A. & Paquet, G. & Roy, J. (2001): E-governance and smart communities: a social learning challenge. Social science computer review, 19(1), 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900107

Colford, C. (2013): Competitive cities: Driving productivity and prosperity. World Bank Blogs, 25 de julio. https://blogs.worldbank.org/psd/competitive-cities-driving-productivity-and-prosperity

Dameri, R.P. & Cocchia, A. (2013): Smart city and digital city: twenty years of terminology evolution. In X Conference of the Italian Chapter of AIS, ITAIS (pp. 1-8).

Desouza, K.C. & Flanery, T.H. (2013): Designing, planning, and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework. Cities, 35, 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.06.003

Díez, T. & Millard, J. & Menichinelli, M. & Sorivelle, M.N. (2019): The Fabrication City. In S. Albert (Ed.), Innovative Solutions for Creating Sustainable Cities, (pp. 329-356). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-5275-3593-0-sample.pdf

Dovey, K. (2012): Informal Settlement and Complex Adaptive Assemblage. International Development Planning Review, 34 (3), 371-90.

Eggers, W. & Skowron, J. (2018): Forces of change: Smart Cities. deloitte.com.

Elliott, T. (2018): Agenda 2030 de la ONU por un mundo mejor. Gaceta Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, 1(130), 17-23. http://gacetaii.iingen.unam.mx/GacetaII/index.php/gii/article/view/2465/2376

European Commission, Directorate-General for Regional Policy (2011): Cities of tomorrow: Challenges, visions, ways forward. Publications Office of the European Union.

Fernández Muñoz, R. (2005): Marco conceptual de las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la educación. Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Fritz, S. & See, L. & Carlson, T. & Haklay, M.M. & Oliver, J.L. & Fraisl, D. & West, S. (2019): Citizen science and the United Nations sustainable development goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(10), 922-930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0390-3

Gardner, H. (2011): Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Hachette UK.

Gil, C.G. (2018): Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS): una revisión crítica. Papeles de relaciones ecosociales y cambio global, 140, 107-118.

Goleman, D. (2001): Emotional intelligence: Issues in paradigm building. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace, 13-26, New York, Jossey-Bass.

Golubiewski, N. (2012): Is there a metabolism of an urban ecosystem? An ecological critique. AMBIO, 41(7), 751-764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0232-7

Grieves, M. (2014): Digital twin: manufacturing excellence through virtual factory replication. White paper, 1, 1-7.

Hiremath, R.B. & Balachandra, P. & Kumar, B. & Bansode, S.S. & Murali, J. (2013): Indicator-based urban sustainability— a review. Energy for sustainable development, 17(6), 555-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2013.08.004

Holden, E. & Linnerud, K. & Banister, D. (2014): Sustainable development: Our common future revisited. Global environmental change, 26, 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.006

Huang, Q. & Zheng, X. & Hu, Y. (2015): Analysis of land-use emergency indicators based on urban metabolism: A case study for Beijing. Sustainability, 7(6), 7473-7491. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067473

Huang, S.L. & Yeh, C.T. & Budd, W.W. & Chen, L.L. (2009): A Sensitivity Model (SM) approach to analyze urban development in Taiwan based on sustainability indicators. Environmental impact assessment review, 29(2), 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2008.03.003

Jacobs, J. (1961): The death and life of great American cities. New York, Vintage.

Kennedy, C. & Pincetl, S. & Bunje, P. (2011): The study of urban metabolism and its applications to urban planning and design. Environmental pollution, 159(8-9), 1965-1973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.022

Kitchin, R. (2014): The data revolution: Big data, open data, data infrastructures and their consequences. Sage.

Kitchin, R. & Coletta, C. & Evans, L. & Heaphy, L. & MacDonncha, D. (2017): Smart cities, epistemic communities, advocacy coalitions and the last mile problem. IT - Information Technology, 59(6), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2017-0004

Lederer, J., & Kral, U. (2015): Theodor Weyl: A pioneer of urban metabolism studies. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12320

Lee, J.H. & Hancock, M.G. & Hu, M.C. (2014): Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 80-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.033

Light, J. S. (2009): The nature of cities: ecological visions and the American urban professions, 1920–1960. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lin, L. & Liu, M. & Luo, F. & Wang, K. & Zhang, Q. & Xiang, W.N. (2012): Comment on "The study of urban metabolism and its applications to urban planning and design" by Kennedy & al. (2011). Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987), 167, 184-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.04.011

Lombardi, P. & Giordano, S. & Farouh, H. & Wael, Y. (2011): An analytic network model for Smart cities. In Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on the AHP (pp. 15-18).

Malone, T. W. & Bernstein, M. S. (Eds.). (2015): Handbook of collective intelligence. MIT Press.

March, H., Ribera-Fumaz, R., & Vivas i Elias, P. (2016). Crisis, ciudad y tecnología ¿una solución inteligente?. Ciudad Y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 48(187), 239-248. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CyTET/article/view/76477

Marchal, V. & Dellink, R. & Van Vuuren, D. & Clapp, C. & Chateau, J. & Magné, B. & Van Vliet, J. (2011): OECD environmental outlook to 2050. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 8, 397-413.

Marsal-Llacuna, M.L. & Colomer-Llinàs, J. & Meléndez-Frigola, J. (2015): Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 611-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.01.012

Marsal-Llacuna, M.L. & Segal, M.E. (2016): The Intelligenter Method (I) for making “smarter” city projects and plans. Cities, 55, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.02.006

Matsuura, K. (2007): Knowledge Sharing–a powerful tool in the fight against poverty. The Straits Times, 6, 27.

Messerli, P. & Murniningtyas, E. & van Ypersele, J.P. (2019): El futuro es ahora — la ciencia al servicio del desarrollo sostenible. Naciones Unidas.

Musango, J.K. & Currie, M.P. & Robinson, M.B. (2017): Urban metabolism for resource efficient cities: from theory to implementation. Book of Abstracts (p. 12).

Newman, P. (1999): Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model. Landscape and urban planning, 44(4), 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(99)00009-2

Nilon, C.H. & Berkowitz, A.R. & Hollweg, K.S. (2003): Introduction: ecosystem understanding is a key to understanding cities. Understanding Urban Ecosystems (pp. 1-13). Springer, New York.

Park, R.E. & Burgess, E.W. (2019: The city. University of Chicago Press.

Pincetl, S. & Bunje, P. & Holmes, T. (2012): An expanded urban metabolism method: Toward a systems approach for assessing urban energy processes and causes. Landscape and urban planning, 107(3), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.006

Robinson, J. & Cole, R. J. (2015): Theoretical underpinnings of regenerative sustainability. Building Research & Information, 43(2), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2014.979082

Rouillard, D. (2004): Superarchitecture: le futur de l'architecture, 1950-1970. Editions de la Villette.

Sandoval Olascoaga, C.E. (2016): Painting with data: from a computational history of urban models to an alternative urban computing (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

Scott, J.C. (1998): Seeing like a state: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. Yale University Press.

Tanguay, G.A. & Rajaonson, J. & Lefebvre, J.F. & Lanoie, P. (2010): Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators. Ecological Indicators, 10(2), 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.013

Todd, N.J. & Todd, J. (1994): From eco-cities to living machines: principles of ecological design. North Atlantic Books.

Torchia, M. & Kumar, M. & Turner, V. (2017): Worldwide semiannual internet of things spending guide. International Data Corporation (IDC).

Turing, A.M. (2009): Computing machinery and intelligence. In Epstein, R. & Roberts, G. & Beber, G. (Eds), Parsing the Turing Test (pp. 23-65). Dordrecht, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6710-5_3

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS). (2001): The state of the world’s cities 2001. Nairobi: United Nations for Human Settlements.

United Nations. (2015): World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/366), New York, United Nations.

United Nations (2019): World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision (ST/ESA/SER.A/420), New York, United Nations.

Van Susteren, A. (2005): Metropolitan World Atlas. 010 Publishers.

Wall, R.S. & Stavropoulos, S. (2016): Smart cities within world city networks. Applied Economics Letters, 23(12), 875-879. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1117038

Weterings, R. & Bastein, T. & Tukker, A. & Rademaker, M. & De Ridder, M. (2013): Resources for our future: key issues and best practices in resource efficiency. The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies.

Weyl, T. (1894): Versuch uber den Stoffwechsel Berlins (Ensayo sobre el metabolismo de Berlin). In 8th International Congress of Hygiene and Demography. Budapest.

Wildfire, C. (2018): How can we spearhead city-scale digital twins? Infrastructure Intelligence.

Wolman, A. (1965): The metabolism of cities. Scientific American, 213(3), 178-193.

Zhang, Y. (2013): Urban metabolism: a review of research methodologies. Environmental pollution, 178, 463-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.052

Descargas

Publicado

2022-10-03

Cómo citar

Carrato-Gómez, A., & Roig-Segovia, E. (2022). De la ciudad sostenible a la ciudad hub: obsolescencia y renovación de indicadores urbanos. Ciudad Y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 54(213), 563–578. https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2022.213.3