“Extreme chronologies”: Robust chronological models combining different dating methods; examples from the Iberian Peninsula
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17735/cyg.v36i3-4.93928Keywords:
multi-method chronologies, glacier, paleolake, 14C, OSL, 210PbAbstract
This work presents the challenge that often involves obtaining a good independent age model in a paleoenvironmental sequence by combining different methodologies and dating systems, with the complexity that this implies. Specifically, two examples have been selected from two very different paleoenvironmental archives, and very different chronologies, both obtained in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The record of El Cañizar de Villarquemado, a paleolake in Teruel province which covers the last 135,000 years of history, that is, the longest continuous continental sequence studied to date in the northern half of Iberia. In order to establish a robust and independent age model it was necessary to combine radiocarbon, U-Th, OSL, IRSL, paleomagnetism and cryptotephro-chronology methods, although not all techniques were successful. The second example focuses on the challenge of dating the ice present in the iconic Monte Perdido glacier, located in the Central Pyrenees, Huesca. Its chronology was achieved by radiocarbon dating in different types of samples and applying the 210Pb and 137Cs techniques for the most recent period. In both examples, the combination of methods and type of dated samples allowed obtaining robust chronologies after a significant effort of time and funding, as well as the collaboration of various research teams and laboratories. In this work, the difficulties existing for using different dating methods in the elaboration of a chronology are outlined and the final results, using different types of chronological modeling combining the different approaches to obtain the definitive age models are also presented.
References
Allen, J.R.M., Huntley, B., (2009). Last Interglacial palaeovegetation, palaeoenvironments and chronology: a new record from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Quaternary Science Reviews 28, 1521–1538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.02.013
Aranbarri, J., González-Sampériz, P., Valero-Garcés, B., Moreno, A., Gil-Romera, G., Sevilla-Callejo, M., García-Prieto, E., Di Rita, F., Mata, M.P., Morellón, M., Magri, D., Rodríguez-Lázaro, J., Carrión, J.S., (2014). Rapid climatic changes and resilient vegetation during the Lateglacial and Holocene in a continental region of south-western Europe. Global and Planetary Change 114, 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.01.003
Baldini, J.U.L., Lechleitner, F.A., Breitenbach, S.F.M., van Hunen, J., Baldini, L.M., Wynn, P.M., Jamieson, R.A., Ridley, H.E., Baker, A.J., Walczak, I.W., Fohlmeister, J., (2021). Detecting and quantifying palaeoseasonality in stalagmites using geochemical and modelling approaches. Quaternary Science Reviews 254, 106784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106784
Bayes, T., Price, l, (1763). LII. An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. By the late Rev. Mr. Bayes, F. R. S. communicated by Mr. Price, in a letter to John Canton, A. M. F. R. S. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 53, 370–418. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1763.0053
Blaauw, M., (2010). Methods and code for ‘classical’ age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary Geochronology 5, 512–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002
Blaauw, M., Christen, J. Andres, López, M.A.A., Vázquez, J.E., González, Ó.M., Belding, T., Theiler, J., Gough, B., Karney, C., (2021). rbacon: Age-Depth Modelling using Bayesian Statistics. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rbacon/rbacon.pdf
Blaauw, M., Christen, J.A., (2011). Flexible Paleoclimate Age-Depth Models Using an Autoregressive Gamma Process. Bayesian Analysis 6, 457–474. https://doi.org/10.1214/ba/1339616472
Blaauw, M., Christen, J.A., Vázquez, J.E., Goring, S., 2021. clam: Classical Age-Depth Modelling of Cores from Deposits. CRAN (2019). URL https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=clam
Brauer, A., Hajdas, I., Blockley, S.P.E., Bronk Ramsey, C., Christl, M., Ivy-Ochs, S., Moseley, G.E., Nowaczyk, N.N., Rasmussen, S.O., Roberts, H.M., Spötl, C., Staff, R.A., Svensson, A., (2014). The importance of independent chronology in integrating records of past climate change for the 60–8 ka INTIMATE time interval. Quaternary Science Reviews, 106, 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.006
Buck, C.E., Juárez, M.A., (2020). Modelización bayesiana de radiocarbono para principiantes, in: Métodos cronométricos en arqueología, prehistoria y paleontología, 2020, ISBN 978-84-17946-34-0, págs. 297-314. https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174268/
Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., Gäggeler, H.W., Furrer, V., Synal, H.-A., Beer, J., Saurer, M., Funk, M., (2000). Glaciochemical dating of an ice core from upper Grenzgletscher (4200 m a.s.l.). Journal of Glaciology 46, 507–515. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756500781833098
Ewing, M.E., Reese, C.A., Nolan, M.A., (2014). The potential effects of percolating snowmelt on palynological records from firn and glacier ice. Journal of Glaciology 60, 661–669. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014JoG13J158
Festi, D., Carturan, L., Kofler, W., dalla Fontana, G., de Blasi, F., Cazorzi, F., Bucher, E., Mair, V., Gabrielli, P., Oeggl, K., (2017). Linking pollen deposition and snow accumulation on the Alto dell’Ortles glacier (South Tyrol, Italy) for sub-seasonal dating of a firn temperate core. The Cryosphere 11, 937–948. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-937-2017
García-Ruiz, J.M., Palacios, D., Andrés, N. de, Valero-Garcés, B.L., López-Moreno, J.I., Sanjuán, Y., (2014). Holocene and ‘Little Ice Age’ glacial activity in the Marboré Cirque, Monte Perdido Massif, Central Spanish Pyrenees. The Holocene 24, 1439–1452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614544053
García-Ruiz, J.M., Palacios, D., Andrés, N., López-Moreno, J.I., (2020). Neoglaciation in the Spanish Pyrenees: a multiproxy challenge. Med. Geosc. Rev. 2, 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-020-00022-9
González-Sampériz, P., Gil-Romera, G., García-Prieto, E., Aranbarri, J., Moreno, A., Morellón, M., Sevilla-Callejo, M., Leunda, M., Santos, L., Franco-Múgica, F., Andrade, A., Carrión, J.S., Valero-Garcés, B.L., (2020). Strong continentality and effective moisture drove unforeseen vegetation dynamics since the last interglacial at inland Mediterranean areas: The Villarquemado sequence in NE Iberia. Quaternary Science Reviews 242, 106425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106425
González-Sampériz, P., Leroy, S.A.G., Carrión, J.S., Fernández, S., García-Antón, M., Gil-García, M.J., Uzquiano, P., Valero-Garcés, B., Figueiral, I., (2010). Steppes, savannahs, forests and phytodiversity reservoirs during the Pleistocene in the Iberian Peninsula. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Iberian Floras through Time: Land of Diversity and Survival 162, 427–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.03.009
Hajdas, I., (2008). Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies. E&G Quaternary Sci. J. 57, 2–24. https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.1-2.1
Herren, P.-A., Eichler, A., Machguth, H., Papina, T., Tobler, L., Zapf, A., Schwikowski, M., (2013). The onset of Neoglaciation 6000 years ago in western Mongolia revealed by an ice core from the Tsambagarav mountain range. Quaternary Science Reviews 69, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.02.025
Jenk, T.M., Szidat, S., Bolius, D., Sigl, M., Gäggeler, H.W., Wacker, L., Ruff, M., Barbante, C., Boutron, C.F., Schwikowski, M., (2009). A novel radiocarbon dating technique applied to an ice core from the Alps indicating late Pleistocene ages. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011860
Leunda, M., González‐Sampériz, P., Gil‐Romera, G., Bartolomé, M., Belmonte‐Ribas, Á., Gómez‐García, D., Kaltenrieder, P., Rubiales, J.M., Schwörer, C., Tinner, W., Morales‐Molino, C., Sancho, C., (2019). Ice cave reveals environmental forcing of long-term Pyrenean tree line dynamics. Journal of Ecology 107, 814–828. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13077
Lian, O.B., Roberts, R.G., (2006). Dating the Quaternary: progress in luminescence dating of sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews, Dating the Quaternary: progress in luminescence dating of sediments 25, 2449–2468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.013
López-Moreno, J.I., Alonso-González, E., Monserrat, O., Del Río, L.M., Otero, J., Lapazaran, J., Luzi, G., Dematteis, N., Serreta, A., Rico, I., Serrano-Cañadas, E., Bartolomé, M., Moreno, A., Buisan, S., Revuelto, J., (2019). Ground-based remote-sensing techniques for diagnosis of the current state and recent evolution of the Monte Perdido Glacier, Spanish Pyrenees. J. Glaciol. 65, 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.96
López-Moreno, J.I., Revuelto, J., Rico, I., Chueca-Cía, J., Julián, A., Serreta, A., Serrano, E., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Azorin-Molina, C., Alonso-González, E., García-Ruiz, J.M., (2016). Thinning of the Monte Perdido Glacier in the Spanish Pyrenees since 1981. The Cryosphere 10, 681–694. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-681-2016
Magri, D., (1999). Late Quaternary vegetation history at Lagaccione near Lago di Bolsena (central Italy). Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 106, 171–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00006-8
Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A., Collinson, M.E., (1991). Pollen Analysis, Second. ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Moreno, A., Bartolomé, M., López-Moreno, J.I., Pey, J., Corella, J.P., García-Orellana, J., Sancho, C., Leunda, M., Gil-Romera, G., González-Sampériz, P., Pérez-Mejías, C., Navarro, F., Otero-García, J., Lapazaran, J., Alonso-González, E., Cid, C., López-Martínez, J., Oliva-Urcia, B., Faria, S.H., Sierra, M.J., Millán, R., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., García-Ruíz, J.M., (2021). The case of a southern European glacier which survived Roman and medieval warm periods but is disappearing under recent warming. The Cryosphere 15, 1157–1172. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1157-2021
Osete, M.-L., Martín-Chivelet, J., Rossi, C., Edwards, R.L., Egli, R., Muñoz-García, M.B., Wang, X., Pavón-Carrasco, F.J., Heller, F., (2012). The Blake geomagnetic excursion recorded in a radiometrically dated speleothem. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 353–354, 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.041
R Development Core Team, (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
R Studio CoreTeam, (2019). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. URL http://www.rstudio.com/
Rubio, J. C. y Simón, J. L. (2007). Tectonic subsidence v. erosional lowering in a controversial intramontane depression: the Jiloca basin (Iberian Chain, Spain), Geological Magazine, 144, 127–141, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756806002949
Sadori, L., Koutsodendris, A., Masi, A., Bertini, A., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Francke, A., Kouli, K., Joannin, S., Mercuri, A.M., Peyron, O., Torri, P., Wagner, B., Zanchetta, G., Sinopoli, G., Donders, T.H., (2016). Pollen-based paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change at Lake Ohrid (SE Europe) during the past 500 ka. Biogeosciences 13, 1423-1437. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1423-2016
Sainz Ollero, H., Van Staalduinen, M., (2012). Iberian steppes. In: Werger, M.J.A., van Staalduinen, M.A. (Eds.), Eurasian Steppes. Ecological Problems and Livelihoods in a Changing World. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherland, pp. 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3886-7_9
Sanchez-Cabeza, J.A., Masqué, P., Ani-Ragolta, I., (1998). 210Pb and210Po analysis in sediments and soils by microwave acid digestion. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 227, 19–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02386425
Tzedakis, P.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Palike, H., (2006). The last 1.35 million years at Tenaghi Philippon: revised chronostratigraphy and long-term vegetation trends. Quaternary Science Reviews 25 (23-24), 3416-3430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.09.002
Tylmann, W., Zolitschka, B., (2020). Annually Laminated Lake Sediments—Recent Progress. Quaternary 3, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat3010005
Uglietti, C., Zapf, A., Jenk, T.M., Sigl, M., Szidat, S., Salazar, G., Schwikowski, M., (2016). Radiocarbon dating of glacier ice: overview, optimisation, validation and potential. The Cryosphere 10, 3091–3105. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-3091-2016
Valero-Garcés, B.L., González-Sampériz, P., Gil-Romera, G., Benito, B.M., Moreno, A., Oliva-Urcia, B., Aranbarri, J., García-Prieto, E., Frugone, M., Morellón, M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Hardiman, M., Blockley, S.P.E., Lane, C.S., (2019). A multi-dating approach to age-modelling long continental records: The 135 ka El Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence (NE Spain). Quaternary Geochronology 54, 101006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2019.101006
